The four major categories of skill sets associated with proficiency in ultrasound guided regional anaesthesia are 1) understanding device operations, 2) image optimization, 3) image interpretation and 4) visualization of needle insertion and injection of the local anesthetic solution. Of these, visualization of needle insertion and injection of local anaesthetic solution can be practiced using ...

As pediatric orthopaedics has grown in size and scope, standardization of training is being considered as a way to ensure unform standards. Competency the knowledge, skill, judgment successfully complete task, but one that trainee not yet demonstrated they can achieve on their own. Proficiency occurs when task be accomplished independently. Defining standards for competency proficiency are need...

To the Editor: Calls to develop skill-based competencies for emergency preparedness for health professionals—including physician trainees—predate the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. In June 2001, an American College of Emergency Physicians task force recommended that residents and medical students achieve proficiency in bioterrorism and weapons of mass destruction.1 Unfortunately, in t...

abstractwriting and speaking are the productive skills of a language and share similar components. however, there has been little attempt to investigate the impact of writing practice on the speaking proficiency of the learners. the present study using a pretest-posttest controlled group design in a quasi-experimental approach investigated the effect of guided writing practice on the speaking p...

this study aims at empirically furthering awareness of the organization of interaction in efl classes. informed by the methodological framework of conversation analysis, it draws upon a corpus of 52 three-hour naturally-occurring classroom interaction to identify classroom interactional contexts based on the structuring of the pedagogic goals in turn-taking sequences. conversation analytic proc...