Early detection of infectious or metabolic disease in transition cows is challenging, particularly as herd size increases. This difficulty is driven by a lack of skilled labour, the cost of labour, or lack of desire to train and supervise people. If technology is to relieve some of this problem, it must be better faster, more accurate, more objective, or cheaper than human monitoring and interv...

For many years, Canada has relied on international migration to compensate for cyclical shortages in its skilled labour force. This paper reports on recent changes in Canadian immigration policy, namely, the introduction of new immigration programs focused on skilled workers, along with the implementation of domestic mobility agreements. With specific reference to the case of nursing, the paper...

Southeast Asia’s traditional export of relatively low-skilled products is facing increased competition. There is therefore a general need to upgrade production in the region, which requires a more skilled and educated labour force. Historically, education has not been emphasized in Southeast Asia but there are indications that this is about to change. This paper starts with a general discussion...

Worldwide, there are an estimated 244 million international migrants (UN DESA, 2016), with 175 million of these originating from developing regions. People migrate for a number of reasons, with the most cited being access to jobs. The International Labour Organization’s (ILO’s) decent work agenda aims to ensure dignity, equality, fair income and safe working conditions, with specific mention of...

Abstract Drawing on linguistic ethnographic data, this study examines the language-based discriminatory experiences of skilled transnational migrants in labour market Australia. Moving beyond two main concepts ‘interlingual’ and ‘intra-lingual’ discrimination applied linguistics, article points out concept ‘translingual discrimination’, which refers to inequality based identities’ specific repe...

The paper developes a uni...ed general equilibrium model that merges three basic building blocks of intertemporal macroeconomics: savings with overlapping generations, capital accumulation and search unemployment. Long-run analytical results for the small open economy show that the e¤ects of integration on unemployment depend on the nature of wage taxation and unemployment compensation. As a se...

Division of labour, or specialization, is common in many types of insect colonies. It emerges in some of these societies as a result of age polyethism, whereby the division of labour is tied to the age of the individuals. One known method that explains this is social inhibition. Individuals release pheromones when they interact with other agents. The strength of their pheromones is tied to thei...

In order to address skill shortages and the demographic challenges facing the EU, member states have to attract (and retain) the more skilled migrants. Nevertheless, foreign residents generally find a significant wage gap with respect to native-born workers when arriving in a host country. Favourable integration policies seem to improve the relative performance of immigrants in the labour marke...

The paper quantitatively evaluates the interaction between capital-skill complementarity and endogenous low-, medium-, and high-skilled labour supply in generating wage inequality, using a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the Auerbach-Kotliko¤ (1987) type. The counterfactual analysis conducted shows that the German skill premium de…ned by the 9 to 1 decile limit of earnings...