This work investigates the accuracy of skin dose calculations using the Eclipse treatment planning system. Skin dose was measured using micro-MOSFETs for a range of irradiation conditions (open fields, physical wedges, dynamic wedges, different SSDs) for 6MV and 10MV beams, and compared with the mean dose calculated to a 2mm thick "skin" structure for semi-cylindrical phantoms (representative o...

CONTEXT Gene guns have been used to deliver deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) loaded micro-particle and breach the muscle tissue to target cells of interest to achieve gene transfection. OBJECTIVE This article aims to discuss the potential of microneedle (MN) assisted micro-particle delivery from gene guns, with a view to reducing tissue damage. METHODS Using a range of sources, the main gene gun...

The monitoring of the vital functions of human organism could be in the future facilitated by swallowing micro-sensors or implementing them under the skin. Multi-sensor capsules or micro-cameras that can be swallowed already exist, by which we can transmit images from inside the human body without surgery (with a battery life of 24 hours). This paper presents our first reflection on the develop...

Microneedles are expected to have greater demand in biomedical applications like sensing, electroporation & drug delivery in the future and there is need for development of fabrication process which is simple, economical and productive. Present work discusses about fabrication of PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) micro needle array electrode for bio-potential signal measurement like EEG by micromachi...

A Micro-controller-based physiological sensing unit has been designed, prototyped, and field-tested for recording galvanic skin response data and relaying them to a computer for physiological analysis. Focusing on system design issues concerning battery-driven ambulatory applications, this paper presents a special data compression algorithm based on relative encoding to optimize memory utilizat...

Histopathological imaging of tissues often requires extensive sample preparation including fixation and staining in order to highlight characteristic alterations associated with diseases. Herein, we report an integrated spectro-microscopy approach based on a combination of multi-modal multi-photon imaging and Raman micro-spectroscopy and demonstrate label-free characterization of the structure-...

in a study of 310 patients with suspected dermatophytic lesions, 110 cases of dermatophytosis, were diagnosed by direct smear in 10% koh and culture by two methods, skin stripping with use of adhesive tape and scrapping with scalpel blade conventional technique). out of 65 positive cultures, in 33 cases, growth was obtained by methods (scraping and stripping), 23 by the conventional technique a...

This manuscript describes the fabrication of polymeric microneedle (MN) arrays by photolithography. It involves a simple mold-free process by using a photomask consisting of embedded micro-lenses. Embedded micro-lenses were found to influence MN geometry (sharpness). Robust MN arrays with tip diameters ranging between 41.5 µm ± 8.4 µm and 71.6 µm ± 13.7 µm, with two different lengths (1,336 µm ...