The central theme of this paper is the scientific viewpoint taken for understanding behavioral processes. Two classical viewpoints are formulated by Dennett (the intentional stance) and Tinbergen (Tinbergen’s four questions). In this paper we argue that the two different viewpoints are linked to the two different processes that underlie complex behavior, namely, the instruction process and the ...

Cerebral Blood Flow Thresholds in Acute Stroke Triage To the Editor: We read with interest the recent article by Bandera and colleagues reporting their systematic review of cerebral blood flow (CBF) thresholds for ischemic penumbra and infarct core in acute ischemic stroke.1 Although we agree with the conclusion that further work is indeed required, before the use of CBF thresholds can become c...

Valuation-based systems (VBS) can be considered as a generic uncertainty framework that has many uncertainty calculi, such as probability theory, a version of possibility theory where combination is the product t-norm, Spohn’s epistemic belief theory, and DempsterShafer belief function theory, as special cases. In this paper, we focus our attention on conditioning, which is defined using the co...

Nowadays, the experimental study of emotional learning is commonly based on classical conditioning paradigms and models, which have been thoroughly investigated in the last century. On the contrary, limited attention has been paid to the revaluation of an unconditioned stimulus (UCS), which, as experimentally observed by various researchers in the last four decades, occurs out of classical cond...

A configural theory of associative learning is described that is based on the assumption that conditioning results in associations between the unconditioned stimulus and a representation of the entire pattern of stimulation that was present prior to its delivery. Configural theory was formulated originally to account for generalization and discrimination in Pavlovian conditioning. The first par...

Рецензия на книгу: Skinner M.W., Andrews G.J., Cutchin M.P. (еds.) (2018) Geographical Gerontology: Perspectives, Concepts, Approaches. London; New York: Routledge.