to study the prevalence of low back pain in medical and nursing undergraduate students in our institutes and its association with physical activity, smoking, depression, use of computer and other variables.it was a comparative cross sectional study carried out at two institutes of dow university of health sciences, karachi, pakistan during october to december 2011. two hundred and fifteen under...

BACKGROUND While numerous studies have examined the relationships among correlates of physical activity (PA), less attention has been given to identifying the correlates of low PA duration. The main objective of the current study was to examine correlates of low PA duration, team sports participation and smoking behaviors among adolescents. METHODS Data from the 2005 Colorado Youth Behavioral...

INTRODUCTION Whereas the overall association between smoking and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) must be regarded as established, considerably less is known about how much smoking is needed to increase the risk of RA, that is, the effect of smoking intensity, duration and cessation. METHODS The Swedish Mammography Cohort, including 34,101 women aged 54 to 89 years, was followed up from January 1, 2...

Hypertension is also one of the health problems found in Indonesian population. There are many risk factors that can cause hypertension, including smoking, genetics, obesity, stress, salt intake, and exercise. a problem smoking habits (number cigarettes smoked, type cigarette smoked (smoked, duration smoking) with incidence men aged ≥ 40 years at Rambung Health Center, Tebing Tinggi City. A des...

  Abstract   Background: Economy, lack of welfare and social services, AIDS and civil war, and also substance abuse are predominant factors that attributes with street children.   Method: 576 street children of 10-19 years were evaluated. Data were gathered by demographic and substance use check list. Theses check lists were designed by the researchers and included some simple question about ty...

background: in addition to macrovascular and along with other microvascular complications, diabetic patients suffer from some common musculoskeletal complications. the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of five musculoskeletal disorders of upper extremity including shoulder capsulitis (sc), limited joint mobility (ljm), dupuytren’s contracture (dc), carpal tunnel syndrome (cts), and...

background: silicosis is known in industrial workers for centuries. till recently, the mainstay of its diagnosis and progress was clinical examination of the respiratory system, pulmonary function test and chest radiography. several biomarkers such as serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) activity have been examined to determine the extent of silicosis. objective: to elucidate the effect of...

BACKGROUND We investigated the association of cumulative smoking exposure and duration of smoking cessation with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). METHODS The study population consisted of 2517 community-dwelling Korean men aged 50 years and older. Information on smoking characteristics such as smoking status, pack-years of smoking, and years since quitting smoking was collected using a stan...