background: cigarette smoking is the largest preventable cause of death worldwide. no systematic review is available on the situation of the smoking in iran, so we decided to provide an overview of the studies in the field of smoking in iranian populations. methods: published persian-language papers of all types until 2009 indexed in the iranmedex (http://www.iranmedex.com) and magiran (http://...

OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to investigate the influence of home smoking restriction (HSR) and the modified effect of parental smoking on smoking initiation among adolescents. DESIGN Prospective Cohort Study. SETTING Junior high school in Keelung City, Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS This study collected and evaluated primary data from the Adolescent Smoking and Other Health-Related Behavi...

Introduction: Smoking habit still becomes one of the problems in Indonesia with high number active smokers university students. is causes several conditions respiratory symptoms and risk factor multiple case lung function impairment. This study aimed to examine characteristic its relationship among student Depok, Indonesia. Methods: was a cross-sectional using American Thoracic Society (ATS) qu...

Cigarette smoking has been linked to an elevated incidence of duodenal ulcer disease in smokers, although the mechanism is unclear. In 23 young normal subjects single or double secretin tests were performed during non-smoking and smoking periods. Cigarette smoking inhibited the secretion of pancreatic juice and bicarbonate in light smokers (< one pack/day for < three years). Heavy smokers (> on...

Purpose - is to study the effect of smoking on biochemical indicators oral fluid in teenagers and young adults. Materials methods. The was carried out 114 adults from 15 24 years’ old who were divided into groups: Group I included 26 people regularly smoke traditional cigarettes; II 22 electronic cigarettes (Vapes); III 23 devices for heating tobacco (IQOS); IV 43 without harmful habit smoking....

This study identifies hepatirts C virus infection (HCV) and measures ibonucleic acid of hepatitis C virus (HCV RNA) and it,s relation to aminotransferase levels in the general population of Jalcarta. A popubrton-based sample of g7g people, aged 15 and above as ethnic group, current drinking habit, smoking habit, and educa RNA among Indonesian natives are similar with those of Ch infectionisfoun...

The present study investigated smoking prevalence and attitudes toward smoking in student and staff nurses, and activities to promote tobacco intervention by staff nurses. A total of 743 student nurses in 2 colleges and one university and 490 staff nurses in the university hospital in Niigata, Japan participated in the study and filled in self-administered anonymous questionnaires focused on sm...

Data from a hospital based case-control study of lung cancer in Western Europe were used to examine changes in the risk of developing lung cancer after changes in habits of cigarette smoking. Only data for subjects who had smoked regularly at some time in their lives were included. The large size of the study population (7181 patients and 11 006 controls) permitted precise estimates of the effe...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of smoking among pre-teenagers (11 and 12 years of age) and to identify risk factors for smoking. METHOD A cross-sectional study was carried out with 2,386 schoolchildren from 19 schools in Argentina. A structured, self-completed and anonymous questionnaire was employed. RESULTS The prevalence of smoking was 15.1%, ranging from 7.9% in the 7th grade t...