This paper presents a new approach to acoustic sniffing for irrelevant variability normalization (IVN) based acoustic model training and speech recognition. Given a training corpus, a socalled i-vector is extracted from each training speech segment. A clustering algorithm is used to cluster the training i-vectors into multiple clusters, each corresponding to an acoustic condition. The acoustic ...

Introduction: Glue sniffing usually refers to volatile substance abuse (VSA) for psychoactive effects. Street children are the who live, work, and earn their livelihood through streets of urban settlements. mostly attracted more particularly towards substances as they cheap, easy access have effects alcohol intoxication. This study aimed assess general characteristics street Pokhara Metropolita...

Although the presence of an olfactory impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been recognized for 25 years, its cause remains unclear. Here we suggest a contributing factor to this impairment, namely, that PD impairs active sniffing of odorants. We tested 10 men and 10 women with clinically typical PD, and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls, in four olfactory tasks: (i) the Universi...

During rodent active behavior, multiple orofacial sensorimotor behaviors, including sniffing and whisking, display rhythmicity in the theta range (~5-10 Hz). During specific behaviors, these rhythmic patterns interlock, such that execution of individual motor programs becomes dependent on the state of the others. Here we performed simultaneous recordings of the respiratory cycle and ultrasonic ...

The delineation of sensorimotor circuits that guide exploration begins with an understanding of the pattern of motor outputs [1]. These motor patterns provide a clue to the form of the underlying circuits [2-4] (but see [5]). We focus on the behaviors that rodents use to explore their peripersonal space through goal-directed positioning of their nose, head, and vibrissae. Rodents sniff in respo...

Vertebrates aim their noses at regions of interest and sniff in order to acquire olfactory trace signals that carry information on food, reproduction, kinship, danger, etc. Invertebrates likewise position antennae in the surrounding fluid to acquire such signals. Some of the fluid dynamics of these natural sensing processes has been examined piecemeal, but the overall topic of sniffing is not w...

Whilst the act of sniffing can provide us with an indirect method to study the central mechanisms of respiratory control, functional neuroimaging now provides us with a tool to directly visualise the activity of the human brain during this voluntary action using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We performed fMRI during sniffing in 11 healthy volunteers where all subjects executed s...

We have developed a strategy for the rapid high-throughput screening of odor responsivity in genetically altered mice (in fact, any experimentally altered animal). Specifically, the report presents the development and validation of a fully automated procedure based on the evaluation of an animal's stimulus-induced reflexive breathing response (i.e. sniffing behavior) to both air and odorant sti...

Packet sniffers are designed to intercept network traffic in shared communication channels. This is accomplished by re-configuring network interface cards to permit device drivers to process all network traffic, including packets that are not addressed to the host computer. Packet sniffing is primarily used in intrusion detection, network management, wiretapping and hacking. This paper describe...

Sniffing, a high-frequency, highly rhythmic inhalation and exhalation of air through the nose, plays an important role in rodent olfaction. Similarly, whisking, the active rhythmic movement of whiskers, plays an important role in rodent tactile sensation. Rodents whisk and sniff during exploratory behavior to sample odorants and surfaces. Whisking is thought to be coordinated with sniffing and ...