Seventeen new endemic species of the genus Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae) are proposed from Madagascar, including: Eugeniaandapae N. Snow, Eugeniabarriei N. Snow, Eugeniabemangidiensis N. Snow, Eugeniacalciscopulorum N. Snow, Eugeniadelicatissima N. Snow, Callm. & Phillipson, Eugeniaechinulata N. Snow, Eugeniagandhii N. Snow, Eugeniahazonjia N. Snow, Eugeniaiantarensis N. Snow, Eugeniamalcomberi N. Sno...

*School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, 430 E. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1115, U.S.A. Corresponding author present address: Institute for Fisheries Research, University of Michigan, 212 Museums Annex Bldg., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1084, U.S.A. [email protected] School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, 430 E. Universi...

introduction snow is a kind of precipitation that is formed by the condensation of moist air mass and in the condition that temperature is below freezing point. although small areas of the world are mountainous regions, these small territories play an important role in the hydrological context of river basins. in some areas snow covers and glaciers supply drinking water. monitoring and forecast...

In the current engineering practices, buildings are commonly designed for an effective lifetime of 50 years. This lifetime can increase the cost of buildings with short lifetimes and can reduce the safety level of buildings with large lifetimes. In this paper, a “service-life factor” has been defined. Applying this factor into the nominal values of live, earthquake, wind, and snow loads, the ef...

This paper focuses on the design of steel support structures within electrical power generating facilities (power plants) which burn fossil fuels to generate electricity. The design of power plant structures requires the determination of loads, some of which will already be familiar to any practicing structural engineer, and some of which are specific to power plant structures. This paper provi...

estimating snow melt water equivalent is one of the most important challenges in determining the hydrological regime in mountainous basins. there are some problematic obstacles in field observations, due to inaccessibility as well due to difficulties in snow sampling at snow covered peaks making researchers try to find indirect approaches. one of these methods in use is degree- day model that i...

Accurate mapping of snow cover continues to challenge cryospheric scientists and modelers. The Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow data products have been used since 2000 by many investigators to map and monitor snow cover extent for various applications. Users have reported on the utility of the products and also on problems encountered. Three problems or hindrances in t...

Snow is important for water management, and an important component of the terrestrial biosphere and climate system. In this study, the snow models included in the Biome-BGC and Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS) terrestrial biosphere models are compared against ground and satellite observations over the Columbia River Basin in the US and Canada and the impacts of differences i...