This study evaluates the biogeochemical changes that occur when recharge water comes in contact with a reduced aquifer. It specifically addresses (1) which reactions occur in situ, (2) the order in which these reactions will occur if terminal electron acceptors (TEAs) are introduced simultaneously, (3) the rates of these reactions, and (4) the roles of the aqueous and solid-phase portions of th...

A hexamine macrobicycle with pyrrolyl spacers was evaluated as an anion receptor in its protonated forms. The protonation constants of the receptor, as well as its association constants with Cl(-), NO3(-), AcO(-), ClO4(-), H2PO4(-), and SO4(2-) were determined by potentiometry at 298.2 ± 0.1 K in H2O-MeOH (50 : 50 v/v) and at an ionic strength of 0.10 ± 0.01 M in KTsO. These studies revealed th...

Sulfate complexation of lanthanides is of great interest for predicting speciation of radionuclides in natural environments. The formation of LaSO4+(aq) in HNO3/H2SO4 aqueous solutions of low ionic strength (I) was studied by nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nanoESI-MS). Several gaseous species containing LaSO4+ were detected. The formation constant of LaSO4+(aq) was determined an...

In order to evaluate the relationship between sulphur (S), glucose (G), nitrogen (N) and plant residues (st), on sulphur immobilization and microbial transformation. Five soil samples from 0-30 cm of Bastam farmer's fields of Shahrood area were collected. Eleven treatments with different levels of S, G, N and plant residues (wheat straw) were applied in a randomized block design with three repl...

NaLa(SO4)2,H2O crystalline powder was obtained under hydrothermal conditions at 220°C. A coupled TGA/DTA experiment of exhibits a weight loss 260°C corresponding to the dehydration and an endothermal peak 774°C. To elucidate transformation mechanism as function temperature, single crystals have been grown 80°C, 300 800°C. For each phase, isolated structure determination performed. As already pu...

Submicron aerosol physical and chemical properties in remote marine air were measured from aircraft over the Southeast Pacific during VOCALS-REx in 2008 and the North Pacific during IMPEX in 2006, and aboard a ship in the Equatorial Pacific in 2009. A High Resolution – Particle Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToFAMS) measured non-refractory submicron aerosol composition during all ...

We report the δ34S and δO(SO4) measured in gypsum, pyrite, and elemental sulfur through a 456-m thick sediment core from the center of the Dead Sea, representing the last ∼200 kyrs, as well as from the exposed glacial outcrops of the Masada M1 section located on the margins of the modern Dead Sea. The results are used to explore and quantify the evolution of sulfur microbial metabolism in the D...

Animal wastes are a major contributor of nutrients and enteric microorganisms to surface water and ground water. Polyacrylamide (PAM) mixtures are an effective flocculent, and we hypothesized that they would reduce transport of microorganisms in flowing water. After waste water running at 60.0 1 min(-1) flowed over PAM + Al2(SO4)3, or PAM + CaO in furrows, total coliform bacteria (TC) and fecal...

This paper presents the results of a study of variation in the chemical composition of wet precipitation over a 16-year period. The ions SO4 2, NO3 , Cl , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ K + , Na + , NH4 + and H + were analyzed. The correlation analysis showed a high positive correlation among these ions, indicating that anthropogenic emissions were the most important source. Trends in annual concentrations of S...

According to the latest European regulatory policy a close attention is paid to research into the use of biomarkers and surrogate markers in the development of pharmaceuticals. Since early sixties of the last century when a sulphation of serotonin was described from which the biotransformation product serotonin-O-sulfate (5-HT-SO4) was formed, is assumed it accentuates the intensity of serotoni...