only linearly and not exponentially with the source block length. Since a trellis approaches a tree as the constraint length grows large, this work also suggests an alternate tree coding scheme and proof of the tree coding theorem of Jakatdar and Pearlman [6]. APPENDIX A The generalized Gallager function Edk(p) is defined in (21). In the following we prove that given RN,* > RN-*(De) for allj an...

The distortion in educational investment in poorer children is often attributed to credit market imperfections and hence to the unequal access of children to educational opportunity. However, the distortion might also be attributable to disincentive effects that cause children to make inefficient use of educational opportunities. This possibility is demonstrated for an overlapping generations e...

In this paper, we consider the problem of optimal reinsurance design, when the risk is measured by a distortion risk measure and the premium is given by a distortion risk premium. First, we show how the optimal reinsurance design for the ceding company, the reinsurance company and the social planner can be formulated in the same way. Second, by introducing the “marginal indemnification function...

INTRODUCTION This study used the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation to explore family factors associated with primary female caregivers' appraisals of children's behaviors, distortion of their appraisals, and children's risk of having behavioral problems. METHOD A cross-sectional, correlational design was used. Data were collected from female caregivers of preschool...

Background: The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiotherapy planning method have been considered in recent years because of the advantages of MRI and the problems of planning with two images modality. The first step in MRI-based radiotherapy is to evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) images geometric distortion. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate system related geometric distort...

Social cognition concerns young children's knowledge of themselves, other people and the groups to which they belong. This type of knowledge can operate at a conscious and deliberate level (explicit knowledge) and also at an unconscious and nonverbal level (implicit knowledge) . Implicit social cognition can exert a powerful influence on children's behavior. Social psychologists have studied im...

Developing countries, in particular the least developed ones, probably have more to learn from social policies in Europe during the early 20 century than from the elaborate welfare-state arrangements after World War II. In addition to macroeconomic growth and stability, the main ambitions must be to fight human deprivation, including illiteracy, malnutrition, poor access to water and sanitation...

Introduction:  Image  distortion  is  one  of  the  major  problems  of  magnetic  resonance  imaging  (MRI) for use in 3DMRI, velocity MRI, FMRI and radiotherapy treatment planning (RTTP). It is  widely known that the most obvious effect of the inhomogenity of the magnetic fields and the  nonlinearity  of  the  gradient  is  the  Geometric  Distortion  of  MR  tomograms.  In  this  study,  the...