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Conspiracy theories (CTs) can take many forms and vary widely in popularity, the intensity with which they are believed and their effects on individual and collective behavior. An integrated account of CTs thus needs to explain how they come to appeal to potential believers, how they spread from one person to the next via communication, and how they motivate collective action. We summarize thes...

Information visualization design is generally ad hoc, using trial and error, and perhaps drawing on experience with prior visualization systems. This paper suggests a di erent approach: general design principles based on a combination of algebraic abstract data type theory, semiotics, and social theory. Major concepts include semiotic spaces to describe systems of related signs, semiotic morphi...