PURPOSE The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of selected genes encoding enzymes involved in the antioxidant defense system (superoxide dismutase 2, SOD2; aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, ALDH1A1; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1, MGST1) in fragments of anterior lens capsules of patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX). The specificity and sensitivity of these molecular ma...

Mechanical stress and aging are major risk factors of cartilage degeneration. Human studies have previously reported that oxidative damage increased, while SOD2 protein was reciprocally downregulated in osteoarthritic degenerated cartilage. However, it remains unclear whether mitochondrial superoxide imbalance in chondrocytes causes cartilage degeneration. We herein demonstrate that mechanical ...

Methotrexate (MTX) is a folic acid antagonist used in high doses as an anti-cancer treatment and in low doses for the treatment of some autoimmune diseases. MTX use has been linked to oxidative imbalance, which may cause multi-organ toxicities that can be attenuated by antioxidant supplementation. Despite the oxidative effect of MTX, the influence of antioxidant gene polymorphisms on MTX toxici...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of increasing Mn+2 concentrations on superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) activity in pre-senescent and senescent cultured fibroblasts, and to determine the Km Mn+2 values required to achieve maximal SOD2 activities in such cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS SOD2 activities, and superoxide anion (SOA) generation rates, were assayed in mitochondrial sonicates of young pa...

Abstract Recent studies have reported that plant-parasitic nematodes facilitate their infection by suppressing plant immunity via effectors, but the inhibitory mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study found a novel effector MgMO289 is exclusively expressed in dorsal esophageal gland of Meloidogyne graminicola and up-regulated at parasitic third-/fourth-stage juveniles. In planta silencin...

Superoxide is produced as a result of normal energy metabolism within the mitochondria and is scavenged by the mitochondrial form of superoxide dismutase (sod2). Mice with inactivated SOD2 (sod2 nullizygous mice) die prematurely, exhibiting several metabolic and mitochondrial defects and severe tissue pathologies, including a lethal spongiform neurodegenerative disorder (Li et al., 1995; Melov ...

BACKGROUND Sphincter of Oddi manometry (SOM) is recommended in the evaluation of suspected Type II sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD2), though its utility is uncertain. Little is known about the practice of expert endoscopists in the United States regarding SOD2. METHODS An anonymous electronic survey was distributed to 128 expert biliary endoscopists identified from U.S. advanced endoscopy ...

Contractions of skeletal muscles produce increases in concentrations of superoxide anions and activity of hydroxyl radicals in the extracellular space. The sources of these reactive oxygen species are not clear. We tested the hypothesis that, after a demanding isometric contraction protocol, the major source of superoxide and hydroxyl radical activity in the extracellular space of muscles is mi...

Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) is an oxidant-responsive transcription factor involved in induction of antioxidant genes. We assessed NRF2 and selected NRF2-modulated gene expression: glutathione S-transferase A1 and P1 (GSTA1 and GSTP1), mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) in blood leukocytes of 51 bladder cancer patients and 90 control males. A significant up-regulati...

Diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, induces apoptosis on the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y through a mitochondrial dysfunction, affecting some antioxidant mechanisms. Indeed, the time- and dose-dependent increase of apoptosis is associated to an early enhancement of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) plays a crucial role in the defence ...