When applying estimation methods, the issue of outliers is inevitable. The extent their influence has not been clarified, though several studies have evaluated outlier elimination methods. It unclear whether we should always be sensitive to outliers, removed before estimation, and what amount precaution required for collecting project data. Therefore, goal this study illustrate a guideline that...

predicting the effort of a successful project has been a major problem for software engineers the significance of which has led to extensive investigation in this area. One of the main objectives of software engineering society is the development of useful models to predict the costs of software product development. The absence of these activities before starting the project will lead to variou...

The main goal of software project cost and effort estimation is to scientifically estimate the required workload and its corresponding costs in the life cycle of software system. Software cost estimation is a complex activity that requires knowledge of a number of key attributes that affect the outcomes of software projects, both individually and in concert. The most critical problem is the lot...

Software undergoes changes at all stages of the software development process. Accepting too many changes will cause expense and delay and rejecting the changes may cause customer dissatisfaction. One of the inputs that help the software project management to decide whether to accept or reject the changes is by having a reliable estimation of the change effort. From a software development perspe...