The landmines presence causes serious safety hazards, which demand the clean up of contaminated land. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is considered as a powerful nondestructive testing tool for high-resolution imaging of the shallow subsurface and its ability to detect both metallic and non-metallic landmines. The contrast in the dielectric constant between a landmine and the surrounding soil is...

The determination of soil texture and organic carbon across agricultural areas provides important information to derive soil condition. Precise digital soil maps can help to till agricultural fields with more accuracy, greater cost-efficiency and better environmental protection. In the present study, the laboratory analysis of sand, silt, clay and soil organic carbon (SOC) content was combined ...

The Illinois Geographic Information System was used to compare the soil and landscape attributes of the State with its historic vegetation, current land use, and patterns of land-use change over the past 160 years. Patch structural characteristics among land types in four geographic zones were also compared. The assessment of patch characteristics revealed a highly modified State with most land...

Soil water availability is most essential in the Sahelian agriculture but is hampered by several factors. Surface crusts or crust-like surfaces, which are characteristic of most Sahelian soils, have been shown to decrease water in®ltrability and increase runoff. Their type and structure are in ̄uenced by soil texture, vegetation cover, erosion and deposition effects of wind and water. A soil and...

Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs) consist of buried nodes, which are connected to subsurface underground sensors, and use electromagnetic (EM) waves for underground communications. WUSNs are capable of operating in environments where no other computer network has functioned before, and has the potential to provide real-time, robust, and energy efficient sensing, and communication in ...

with regard to the mutual relations between plant and soil as the main component of rangeland ecosystems, this research has been identified the indicator species in environmental conditions of dry regions as the most important tools in ecological management of these ecosystems. therefore the steppe and dry rangelands of kooh - e- namak in qom province was selected. sampling was done by plot in ...

The objective of this work was to explain an apparent contradiction in the literature related to the relationship between mean and variance (or standard deviation) of soil moisture fields. Some studies found an increase in soil moisture variance with decreasing mean soil moisture, while others showed a decrease. The evidence of maximum variance in the mid-range of mean soil moisture was also re...