recently, some natural products have been used in the fields as alternative to synthetic compounds, to minimize the negative impacts to the environment. this study aimed to verify the effects of neem-based bio-pesticide in causing acute toxicity for a fish and chronic toxicity for a microcrustacean. to this end, danio rerio and daphnia magna were exposed to various concentrations of a neem-base...

the production and use of synthetic nanoparticles is growing rapidly, and therefore the presence of these materials in the environment seems inevitable. titanium dioxide (tio2) presents various possible uses in industry, cosmetics, and even in the treatment of contaminated environments. studies about the potential ecotoxicological risks of tio2 nanoparticles (nano-tio2) have been published but ...

Your course endures a lot of punishment. And when you're sowing or overseeding, the last thing you need is to lose seedlings to the onslaught of soilborne disease. That's why each and every seed in the Guardian range has been precision coated with a fungicide and polymer treatment, enabling them to emerge and establish much more reliably than ordinary seed. There are five precisely formulated m...

Charcoal rot of sorghum causedby the fungus ~acrophorfdna phaseolina is a root andstalk rot disease of great destructive potential in most sorghum-growing regions. Improved, highyielding cultivars under good management tend to be very susceptible to the disease. M. phaseolina is a common soilborne, nonaggressive, and plurivorous pathogen that attacks plants whose vigor has been reduced by unfav...

in recent years, biotechnology has provided the possibility of creating genetically modified (gm) organisms by transferring genes from sources such as viruses, bacteria, animals, and plants into usually unrelated species. this ability to overcome insurmountable physiological barriers by exchanging genetic materials among all living organisms is a double-edged sword. on the one hand, it allows t...