Soot formation was studied within laminar premixed ethylene/air flames (C/O ratios of 0.78-0.98) stabilized on a flat-flame burner operating at atmospheric pressure. Measurements included soot volume fractions by both laser extinction and gravimetric methods, temperatures by multiline emission, soot structure by thermophoretic sampling and transmission electron microscopy, major gas species con...

A sooting, ethylene coflow diffusion flame has been studied both experimentally and computationally. The fuel is diluted with nitrogen and the flame is slightly lifted to minimize the effects of the burner. Both probe (thermocouple and gas-sampling techniques) and optical diagnostic methods (Rayleigh scattering and laser-induced incandescence) are used to measure the temperature, gas species, a...

Adverse health effects of airborne toxicants, especially small respirable particles and their associated adsorbed chemicals, are of growing concern to health professionals, governmental agencies, and the general public. Areas rich in petrochemical processing facilities (e.g., eastern Texas and southern California) chronically have poor air quality. Atmospheric releases of products of incomplete...

Emissions from solid-fuel cookstoves, used by almost three billion people worldwide, create major issues for both human health and the environment. These emissions cause an estimated 4.3 million premature deaths annually and significantly contribute to environmental issues such as global climate change. One of the harmful emissions is soot and a promising option for reducing soot emissions from...

Data of several laser-induced incandescence (LII) experiments reported in the literature were re-analyzed to obtain the values of the thermal accommodation coefficient (TAC) of soot. The present analysis shows that the TAC of soot falls in a relatively narrow range between 0.23 (in N2 and flames) and 0.45 (in Argon). Using an aggregate based lowfluence LII model, the TAC of soot in a laminar di...

This is a very interesting paper that presents nice results on the detection of solid particles in the stratosphere. We have two short comments: 1) Page 15 line 19 (part 4.1;7 Soot): the author proposed possible sources for soot particles in the stratosphere. The (transient) presence of soot in the middle stratosphere and their possible origins, including meteoritic material, were also obtained...

Particulate matter (soot aerosol or carbon black) emissions from combustion systems have adverse effects on human health and the environment. Soot is a major contributor to the total radiation heat loss in propulsion systems. Soot aerosols in the atmosphere have significant positive radiative forcing that contributes to global warming because of strong absorption of sunlight by soot. As compare...

During aging processing, black carbon (also called soot) particles may tend to be mixed with other aerosols, and highly influence their radiative forcing. In this study, freshly emitted soot particles were simulated as fractal aggregates composed of small spherical primary monomers. After aging in the atmosphere, soot monomers were coated by a thinly layer of sulfate as thinly coated soot parti...

In this article, a model which examines the formation and evolution of chemiions in an aircraft engine is proposed. This model which includes chemiionisation, electron thermo-emission, electron attachment to soot particles and to neutral molecules, electron-ion and ionion recombination, ion-soot interaction, allows the determination of the ion concentration at the exit of the combustor and at t...

The latest understanding of nuclear winter is reviewed. Considerable progress has been made in quantifying the production and injection of soot by large-scale fires, the regional and global atmospheric dispersion of the soot, and the resulting physical, environmental, and climatic perturbations. New information has been obtained from laboratory studies, field experiments, and numerical modeli...