BACKGROUND High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is used to treat medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee in active patients with varus alignment. In this study we review the clinical and radiographic outcomes associated with the Taylor Spatial Frame (Smith & Nephew), and its use in HTOs, and we include an illustrative case report. METHODS In 7 patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis of t...

Spatial memories are often organized around reference frames, and environmental shape provides a salient cue to reference frame selection. To date, however, the environmental cues responsible for influencing reference frame selection remain relatively unknown. To connect research on reference frame selection with that on orientation via environmental shape, we explored the extent to which geome...

Tripartite systems are currently common to several theories concerned with distinguishing different spatial frames of reference (Levinson, 1996, 2003; Levelt, 1996; Tversky, 1996). The notion that such a 3-part spatial model (e.g. intrinsic, deictic, extrinsic) can be extended to temporal models is at least theoretically plausible (Levinson, 2003). The current study reviews three basic spatial ...

abstract: ِintroduction: the effect of morphine dependency on learning and spatial memory is controversial. so in this study effect of co-administeration of nitric oxide (no) and morphine in ca3 of hippocampus on learning and spatial memory in morphine dependent rats was investigated. methods: after anaesthetization of male rats, cannulae implanted bilaterally in ca3 of hippocampus. after recove...

Employing the notions of the strong $L$-topology introduced by Zhangand the $L$-frame introduced by Yao  and the concept of $L$-enrichedtopological system defined in the present paper, we constructadjunctions among the categories {bf St$L$-Top} of strong$L$-topological spaces, {bf S$L$-Loc} of strict $L$-locales and{bf $L$-EnTopSys} of $L$-enriched topological systems. All of theseconcepts are ...

In this paper, an algorithmic architecture of video compression at very low bit rate is presented. This architecture incorporates block-based as well as segment-based coding algorithms and manages them in a cooperative way in which different approaches are applied to different image frames iteratively: I and P frames are coded by block-based algorithm and 0 frames are coded by segment-based alg...

Visual rivalry has been extensively characterized in the literature. It is thought to require spatial conflict between overlapping visual presentations, even in studies that have found nonspatial (i.e., nonretinal) influences on rivalry. Unexpectedly, we identified visual rivalry in the complete absence of spatial conflict. Participants experienced visual rivalry when we placed a nonambiguous m...