Background: Alteration in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) is usually investigated to provide an evidence of the host immune responses to tumor antigens. The tumor infiltrating NK cells interact most closely with the tumor cells and more accurately reflect tumor host interactions. Objective: To analyze peripheral blood and tumor associated Natural Killer (NK) cells in patients with breast ca...

PURPOSE Renal cell carcinoma harbors high numbers of infiltrating lymphocytes with apparent limited efficacy in tumor control. This study focused on the natural killer (NK) cells infiltrating renal cell carcinoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated from renal cell carcinoma and analyzed for NK cell frequency and phenotype (n = 34). NK cells were enriched an...

Treatment outcomes have improved with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors and small molecule inhibitors. However, many patients do not respond single agents. Consequently, ongoing research is focused on use combination therapies to increase clinical efficacy by potential synergistic effects. Here, we outline trials review rationale evidence for avelumab, an anti-programmed death ligand 1...

BACKGROUND The occurrence of parathyroid carcinoma in multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MENI) is rare and the 15 cases of malignant parathyroid tumor reported so far have been associated with MENI in individuals and not with multiple members within a family. METHODS We report on a 61-year-old male, operated for a 7.3 cm parathyroid carcinoma infiltrating the esophagus. In his brother, a 4....

BACKGROUND Our previous studies demonstrated the expression of procollagen11A1 in fibroblasts of pancreatic cancer desmoplasia and the lack of expression in fibroblasts of pancreatitis by means of the polyclonal antibody (anti-proCOL11A1 pAb) we generated. In a similar way, we decided to compare the expression of procollagen11A1 in fibroblasts of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast and ...

INTRODUCTION Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma is an unusual type of gastric tumor associated with a better prognosis than typical gastric carcinomas. The hallmark of this cancer is a prominent lymphoid infiltration of the stroma that represents an intense host lymphocytic response. The programmed death 1-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis has recently emerged as a master immune c...