The specific absorption rate (SAR) of a human body exposed to a random field inside a reverberation chamber (RC) has been modeled. The exciting field is simulated using the plane wave integral representation which is numerically solved by a superposition of N plane waves randomly generated and repeated M times to reproduce the same statistics of an RC. An experimental validation, carried out by...

PURPOSE To present and discuss numerical calculations of the specific absorption rate (SAR) and temperature in comparison to regulatory limits. While it is possible to monitor whole-body or whole-head average SAR and/or core body temperature during MRI in practice, this is not generally true for local SAR values or local temperatures throughout the body. While methods of calculation for SAR and...

The numerical calculations including voxel human model with an anatomical structure for electromagnetic field and temperature rise induced by electromagnetic energy absorption have been widely investigated over the past dozen years or so. This paper presents the computational electromagnetic dosimetry inside an anatomically based pregnant woman models exposed to electromagnetic wave during magn...

A novel antenna design with a low specific absorption rate (SAR) is introduced. The has very profile and it designed to be placed on the back cover of mobile device at around 2 GHz. solution based nested loops which distribute field over large volume so that maximum SAR value remains relatively in user’s tissue. proposed also provides good efficiency, considering extremely profile, close proxim...

The electromagnetic interface between the antenna and the human head is reduced with ferrite materials and metamaterials. The reduction of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) with materials and metamaterials is performed by the finite-difference time-domain method with Lossy-Drude model by CST Microwave Studio. The metamaterials can be achieved by arranging split ring resonators (SRRs) periodically....

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in specific absorption rate (SAR) in human-head tissues while using nonmagnetic metallic electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes and leads during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A realistic, high resolution (1 mm(3)) head model from individual MRI data was adopted to describe accurately thin tissues, such as bone marrow and skin. The RF...

PURPOSE To experimentally verify the feasibility of focused heating in the neck region by an array of two rings of six electromagnetic antennas. We also measured the dynamic specific absorption rate (SAR) steering possibilities of this setup and compared these SAR patterns to simulations. METHODS AND MATERIALS Using a specially constructed laboratory prototype head-and-neck applicator, includ...

Radio frequency (RF) dosimetry is the quantification of the magnitude and distribution of absorbed electromagnetic energy within biological objects that are exposed to RF fields. At RF, the dosimetric quantity, which is called the specific absorption rate (SAR), is defined as the rate at which energy is absorbed per unit mass. The SAR is determined not only by the incident electromagnetic waves...

To determine the effects of salinity on relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate on a leaf weight basis (NAR(w)), leaf weight ratio (LWR), and nutrient uptake and utilization of citrus, we grew four citrus rootstocks (sour orange, Cleopatra mandarin, Carrizo citrange and Citrus macrophylla) in nutrient solutions containing 0, 10, 20, 40 or 80 mM NaCl for 20, 40 or 60 days. For each ele...

With the rapid development of mobile communication technology, design phones has become more complex, and research on electromagnetic radiation from that reaches human head important. Therefore, first all, a model phone daily use was established. Then, based established simulation model, safety exposure to evaluated. The generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) method used establish proxy specific ab...