We present the design of a planar spectrometer that separates wavelength channels from an input fiber and focuses spectral lines onto camera without any free-space optical elements. The geometric arrangements waveguides to achieve different spectroscopic parameters are explained in detail, allowing adjustable focal lengths, high resolution, broad free range. chip is fabricated on low-cost polym...

The digital Fourier transform (DFT) and the adaptive least mean square (LMS) algorithm have existed for some time. This paper establishes a connection between them. The result is the “LMS spectrum analyzer,” a new means for the calculation of the DFT. The method uses a set of N periodic complex phasors whose frequencies are equally spaced from dc to the sampling frequency. The phasors are weigh...

Ultrafast optical spectrum monitoring is one of the most challenging tasks in observing ultrafast phenomena, such as the spectroscopy, dynamic observation of the laser cavity, and spectral encoded imaging systems. However, conventional method such as optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) spatially disperses the spectrum, but the space-to-time mapping is realized by mechanical rotation of a grating, s...

A low-cost spectrum analyzer is presented, based on a commercial software defined radio and an open-source application package. Fundamentals regarding the receiving operation its sensitivity are along with measurements, of two 8 12-bits models. An application, run within GNU Radio, deployed to overcome hardware analog-to-digital converter limitation monitor wide bandwidths. Results shown for di...

We demonstrate an atomic radio-frequency (RF) receiver and spectrum analyzer based on thermal Rydberg atoms coupled to a planar microwave waveguide. use off-resonant RF heterodyne technique achieve continuous operation for carrier frequencies ranging from DC 20 GHz. The system achieves intrinsic sensitivity of up -120(2) dBm/Hz, coupling, 4 MHz instantaneous bandwidth, over 80 dB linear dynamic...

We have developed a miniature electron ion coincidence (EICO) analyzer mounted on a conflat flange with an outer diameter of 114 mm. It consists of a cylindrical mirror analyzer (CMA), a time-of-flight ion mass spectrometer (TOF-MS), a commercially available linear motion feed through, and a tilt adjustment mechanism. Each sample surface was irradiated by synchrotron radiation, and the energies...