AIMS This study is to assess the value of bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) and pudendal nerve somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) in the topical diagnosis of cauda equina syndrome (CES) with or without sphincter dysfunction in male patients. METHODS In this study, 40 healthy male adults (control group) and 53 male adult patients (experimental group) were included. The experimental group was sub...

OBJECTIVE To develop a canine model of external urinary sphincter insufficiency by creating irreversible damage to the sphincter, because there is a need for a reliable and reproducible large animal model for the study of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) caused by deficient sphincter function. MATERIALS AND METHODS About a quarter of the total external sphincter muscle was removed microsurgi...

This paper reviews current mathematical models of sphincters and compares them with a new spatial neuromuscular control model based on known physiological properties. Almost all the sphincter models reviewed were constructed as a component of a more extensive model designed to mirror the overall behaviour of a larger system such as the lower urinary tract. This implied less detailed modelling o...

Low rectal tumors have increasingly been treated by sphincter-saving operations (SSO), but some patients with a low anterior resection (LAR) or a coloanal anastomosis (CAA), with or without (chemo)radiotherapy, may suffer from a defecation disorder called “anterior resection syndrome” (ARS). Frequent bowel action, urgency, symptoms of fecal incontinence, that characterize anterior resection syn...

The concept of a continent stoma is an attractive one. This has been achieved with varying success for ileostomies made with a Koch pouch but not for colostomies. Permanent ileostomies, and to a proportionally lesser extent colostomies also, are becoming increasingly rare following increased expertise in sphincter saving operations, mucosal proctectomy and the success of the Jand W-ileoanal pou...

Intersphincteric resection (ISR) is the ultimate sphincter saving procedure for low rectal cancer. Hemorrhoids are a common benign condition. We present and discuss a case of ISR which developed painful edematous hemorrhoids after ISR. A 62-year-old female with low rectal cancer received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with successful down staging of tumor before undergoing robot assisted ISR wit...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation between internal and external anal sphincter volumes and manometric anal pressures. STUDY DESIGN Ten healthy nulliparous women underwent anal sphincter magnetic resonance imaging and anal manometry measurement. A 3-dimensional reconstruction of magnetic resonance images was accomplished with the use of 3-dimensional slicer. Sph...

BACKGROUND To determine complete resection and sphincter preservation rates, down-staging, local control and survival associated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) using a moderately high pelvic radiation dose before surgery in rectal cancer. METHODS Fifty-seven patients with histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the mid to lower rectum were treated using preoperative CCRT and surgery...