This review provides a comprehensive overview on the quickly developing field of polymeric hollow fiber (HF) nanofiltration (NF), including membrane (module) and process design, operational parameters, full-scale applications. Six different methods are currently used to produce HF NF membranes: phase inversion, interfacial polymerization, grafting, coating, polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM) che...

in this report, experimental investigation of waste water treatment by reverse osmosis to enable its reuse in cooling tower is presented. a polyamide spiral wound ro membrane followed by three filters as ro pretreatment (two activated carbon and one cartridge filter) and samples of tehran refinery treated waste water have been used. the effect of operating conditions such as pressure difference...

Spiral gravity separators are devices used in mineral processing to separate particles based on their specific gravity or size. The spiral geometry allows for the simultaneous application of gravitational and centripetal forces on the particles, which leads to segregation of particles. However, this segregation mechanism is not fundamentally understood, and the spiral separator literatures does...