Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SPL), a key enzyme of sphingolipid metabolism, catalyzes the irreversible degradation of sphingoid base phosphates. Its main substrate sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) acts both extracellularly, by binding G protein-coupled receptors of the lysophospholipid receptor family, and inside the cell, as a second messenger. There, S1P takes part in regulating various cellul...

OBJECTIVES This study was designed to assess the impact of 2 years of operatic training on acoustic and aerodynamic characteristics of the singing voice. STUDY DESIGN This is a longitudinal study. METHODS Participants were 21 graduate students and 16 undergraduate students. They completed a variety of tasks, including laryngeal videostroboscopy, audio recording of pitch range, and singing o...

Existing economic models support the estimation of the costs and benefits of developing and evolving a Software Product Line (SPL) as compared to undertaking traditional software development approaches. In addition, Feature Diagrams (FDs) are a valuable tool to scope the domain of a SPL. This paper proposes an algorithm to calculate, from a FD, the following information for economic models: the...

Growing evidence supports a link between inflammation and cancer; however, mediators of the transition between inflammation and carcinogenesis remain incompletely understood. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lyase (SPL) irreversibly degrades the bioactive sphingolipid S1P and is highly expressed in enterocytes but downregulated in colon cancer. Here, we investigated the role of SPL in colitis-asso...

This study was performed to investigate the effect of a concentrate of fermented wild ginseng root culture (HLJG0701) on memory improvement in the scopolamine (SPL)-induced memory-deficient mouse model. Eight-week-old male ICR mice were used to evaluate the protective effect of HLJG0701 against the SPL-induced memory loss animal model. The Morris water maze test, which measures hippocampus-depe...

Context: In software development, Testing is an important mechanism both to identify defects and assure that completed products work as specified. This is a common practice in single-system development, and continues to hold in Software Product Lines (SPL). Even though extensive research has been done in the SPL Testing field, it is necessary to assess the current state of research and practice...

Drosophila melanogaster neurogenesis requires the opposing activities of two sets of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins: proneural proteins, which confer on cells the ability to become neural precursors, and the Enhancer-of-split [E(spl)] proteins, which restrict such potential as part of the lateral inhibition process. Here, we test if E(spl) proteins function as promoter-bound repressors ...

Software Product Lines (SPL) offer tremendous potential to improve a company’s competitive position and responsiveness to changing market needs. However, unless the full benefits and costs are well understood by executive-level stakeholders, the probability of success will be low. An SPL economic analysis framework is presented that is based on the author’s experience with SPL adoption at Conve...

The χ-Spaces framework [CCM02b] provides a set of tools to support every step of the security protocol’s life-cycle. The framework includes a simple, yet powerful programming language which is an implementation of the Security Protocol Language (SPL) [CW01]. SPL is a formal calculus designed to model security protocols and prove interesting properties about them. In this paper we take an authen...

The software product line (SPL) practices intend to improve software development by automating the process of product derivation. However, little attention has been given to the configuration of non-functional properties in the context of SPL infrastructure. To address this shortcoming we introduce the Feedback approach that aims at capturing information about previously configured products and...