Materials with cellular structure occur widely in nature. This seminar discusses the mechanical models of two and three dimensional cellular solids. We introduce the honeycomb-like structure of wood and the foam-like structure of the trabecular bone. The third example of cellular material, glass sponge Euplectella sp., is presented as well.

background marine sponge/nano-cuo as a natural catalyst efficiently catalyzed the sulfonylation reaction of p-chlorobenzene sulfonyl chlorides with amines in order to prepare sulfonamides. the advantages included use of a natural catalyst, ease of handling, requirement of a very small amount of catalyst, mild reaction condition and appropriateness to high yield. objectives the current study aim...

The technique that employs flash freezing and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) was utilised for detailed investigation of the fouling materials in a membrane bioreactor (MBR). The method involves the flash freezing of a wet sample in liquid nitrogen for 10s to preserve its structure for direct ESEM observation with a high image resolution. ESEM images show that the sludge cake ...

Totally tubular chitin lies create uniform tracheal tubes by molding them around an expanding chitin filament, according to Anna Tonning, Anne Uv, and colleagues (Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden). Uv’s group suspected that chitin may be involved in shaping tracheal tubes after observing that a chitin synthase mutant forms tracheal branches that look like sausages rather than uniform cylin...

INTRODUCTION There have been many attempts to repair full-thickness articular cartilage defects using tissue-engineering techniques, focusing particularly on the regeneration of high-strength cartilage. Unfortunately, the strength is insufficient for fixation of the grafted part on large defect of joint surface. Current focus in our laboratory has been placed on the development of a novel silk ...

An extraordinarily well preserved, 600-million-year (Myr)-old, three-dimensionally phosphatized fossil displaying multiple independent characters of modern adult sponges has been analyzed by SEM and synchrotron X-ray tomography. The fossilized animal (Eocyathispongia qiania gen. et sp. nov.) is slightly more than 1.2 mm wide and 1.1 mm tall, is composed of hundreds of thousands of cells, and ha...

a down-flow hanging sponge (dhs) reactor has been developed for sewage treatment, mainly in developing countries. this novel reactor employs polyurethane sponge material as a support medium, which promises a proliferation of a large amount of biomass, offering excellent pollutant removal capability. three types of sponge medium were evaluated with respect to water distribution and oxygen mass t...

Bacterial Ghosts (BGs) received an increasing interest in the recent years for their promising medicinal and pharmaceutical applications. In this study, for the first time we introduce a new protocol for BGs production. E. coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS (Promega) was used as a model to establish a general protocol for BGs preparation. The protocol is based on using active chemical compounds in concentra...

Two new cyano-bridged Ru-Cu polymers, the one-dimensional chain {[Cu(tnH)2(H2O)2][Ru(CN)6] ·2H2O}∞ (1) (where tn ) 1,3-diaminopropane) and the pseudo-two-dimensional network {[Cu(tnH)2][Ru(CN)6]}∞ (2), have been prepared and fully characterized. Compounds 1 and 2 both crystallize in the same monoclinic space group, P21/n. Complex 1 was characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis, and compoun...