I read with interest the article entitled Converting apo-geotropic into geotropic lateral canalolithiasis by head-pitching manoeuvre in the sitting position by Califano et al. 1. The Authors describe their experience in transforming the apogeotropic LSC BPPV (Lateral Semicircular Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo) into a geo-tropic one performing " a quick 60° forward exion and a slow ...

The ultimate purpose of eye movement is to maintain clear vision by ensuring that images observed objects are focused on the fovea in retina. Accurate evaluation ocular movements, including nystagmus and saccadic intrusions, provides very useful information for determining overall function abnormality complex oculomotor system, from peripheral vestibular system cerebrum. Eye tests therefore ess...

background and aim: vestibular migraine is a type of migraine that causes vertigo, dizziness, and imbalance in addition to typical migraine symptoms. in this study, we aimed to investigate vestibular system in these patients by videonystagmography (vng), electrocochleography (ecochg), and vestibular evoked myogenic potential (vemp) testing. methods: this empirical study was conducted on 10 pati...

A 43-year-old Caucasian man developed persistent nystagmus after 10 months of weight loss, diarrhea, insomnia, and 5 months of agitation, memory impairment, and vision changes consisting of nystagmus and double vision. Ocular motor examination demonstrated left-beating nystagmus (LBN), upbeating nystagmus (UBN), and torsional (toward the left ear) nystagmus components (video at Neurology.org/ n...

Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) is an acute neurological disorder caused by a deficiency in thiamine. It characterized triad of altered mental status, ataxia and ophthalmoplegia. Most the cases reported were secondary to long-term alcohol use. We rare case WE due hyperemesis gravidarum 29-year-old P1L1A1 women at 22 weeks gestation who had spontaneous abortion. Patient manifested with features c...

Vertigo is sometimes experienced in and around MRI scanners. Mechanisms involving stimulation of the vestibular system by movement in magnetic fields or magnetic field spatial gradients have been proposed. However, it was recently shown that vestibular-dependent ocular nystagmus is evoked when stationary in homogenous static magnetic fields. The proposed mechanism involves Lorentz forces acting...

Although nitric oxide (NO) is produced by discrete groups of neurons in the brain, participation of NO in premotor structures directly involved in reflexively evoked, sensory-motor functions has not been demonstrated so far. We now show that NO is a physiological mediator in the generation of a specific motor response in alert behaving animals. In the oculomotor system, numerous neurons express...