Bacillus subtilis strains containing deletions in the genes coding for one or two of the major small, acid-soluble spore proteins (SASP; termed SASP-alpha and SASP-beta) were constructed. These mutants sporulated normally, but the spores lacked either SASP-alpha, SASP-beta, or both proteins. The level of minor SASP did not increase in these mutants, but the level of SASP-alpha increased about t...

The dry-heat resistance of Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores located in or on various materials was determined as D and z values in the range of 105 through 160 C. The systems tested included spores located on steel and paper strips, spores located between stainless-steel washers mated together under 150 inch-lb and 12 inch-lb of torque, and spores encapsulated in methylmethacrylate and epoxy...

J. Econ.Entomol.91(3): 624-630 (1998) ABSTRACT Evaluations of the efficacy and persistence of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin for control of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.),on cnlcifers were done in growth chambers, the greenhouse, and the field. In growth chamber studies done at 21 or 26°C and 60 or 90%RH, neither temperature nor humidity affected the survival oflarvae, b...

BACKGROUND Spores of many fungal species have been documented as important aeroallergens. Airborne fungal spores are commonly collected from the outdoor air at the rooftop level of high buildings; however, human exposure usually occurs nearer to the ground. It is necessary to estimate the concentration of airborne fungal spores at the human breathing level to evaluate the actual human exposure ...

We have examined the partitioning of the yeast vacuole during meiotic division. In pulse-chase experiments, vacuoles labeled with the lumenal ade2 fluorophore or the membrane-specific dye FM 4-64 were not inherited by haploid spores. Instead, these fluorescent markers were excluded from spores and trapped between the spore cell walls and the ascus. Serial optical sections using a confocal micro...

Bacillus subtilis spores that germinated poorly with saturating levels of nutrient germinants, termed superdormant spores, were separated from the great majority of dormant spore populations that germinated more rapidly. These purified superdormant spores (1.5 to 3% of spore populations) germinated extremely poorly with the germinants used to isolate them but better with germinants targeting ge...

   Floral diversity is a measure of number of type flora in an area, and reflects how vegetation develops in response to the environmental condition during a certain time interval. The present study aims to examine changes in the diversity of vegetation (pollen, spores and algae), evenness, and similarity in the Bandung Basin through a core of 240 cm depth using a ground drill, as well as  the ...

The spores of four species of vesicular-arbuscular endophytes were L-dried at 22 degrees C, and their viability was tested after heating at 80 degrees C for up to 40 min. L-drying of spores in the soil in which they developed was a very effective method of preservation of all spore types examined. Slow L-drying of spores separated from soil and supported on glass fiber filters also gave high vi...

Previous work indicated that Clostridium perfringens gerKA gerKC spores germinate significantly, suggesting that gerKB also has a role in C. perfringens spore germination. We now find that (i) gerKB was expressed only during sporulation, likely in the forespore; (ii) gerKB spores germinated like wild-type spores with nonnutrient germinants and with high concentrations of nutrients but more slow...

Clostridium perfringens food poisoning is caused by type A isolates carrying a chromosomal enterotoxin (cpe) gene (C-cpe), while C. perfringens-associated non-food-borne gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are caused by isolates carrying a plasmid-borne cpe gene (P-cpe). C. perfringens spores are thought to be the important infectious cell morphotype, and after inoculation into a suitable host, thes...