We examined whether protein- and food-intake restrictions modulate the oxidized/reduced state of plasma albumin in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were fed a 3%, 5%, 10% or 20% casein diet for 2 weeks. The plasma albumin concentration significantly decreased with decreasing protein intake. However, no significant difference in plasma albumin concentration was seen between rats fed the 5% or 10% casei...

Objective: To study the effects of injection botox in masseter muscle on morphometric measurement underlying mandible and total body weight change Sprague Dawley rats.Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study.
 Place Duration Study: Anatomy Department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, with collaboration Military Hospital, Rawalpindi National Institute Health (NIH), Islamabad, from...

Aim: The intent of the study was to assess bone conserving effect Butea monosperma total extract (BTE) prepared from stem-bark, in ovariectomy (Ovx)-induced loss Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.
 Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized (Ovx) and BTE treatment with three different doses (100mg, 250mg 500mg/kg body weight) commenced a day after Ovx continued for 12 weeks. Skeletal paramete...

Lymphocyte number and weight and their sodium and potassium contents and net passive fluxes were measured in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats, deoxycorticosterone acetate-treated rats, and two-kidney, one clip renal hypertensive rats. Wistar-Kyoto rats were used as controls for the spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats, and normal intact Sprague-Dawley rats were used as contr...

Time-related changes in the incidences of spontaneous neoplasms in adrenals (medulla), mamma, liver, pituitary, and (endocrine) pancreas were assessed statistically in Wistar, Sprague-Dawley, and F344 rats employed by BASF, Germany and major European contract research organizations over the last 20 years. Negative trends (7 of 80 cases) were observed for pituitary pars distalis adenomas in Spra...

AIMS In this study, we tested the impact of pretreatment with alcohol on subsequent alcohol drinking in outbred Sprague-Dawley and selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) rats. METHODS As a pretreatment, male Sprague-Dawley and P rats were given a passive oral administration of either alcohol (1.0 g/kg) or tap water. Then, they were given free choice of drinking alcohol (5% v/v) or water in t...

Subtraction games is a class of combinatorial games. It was solved since the Sprague-Grundy Theory was put forward. This paper described a new algorithm for subtraction games. The new algorithm can find win or lost positions in subtraction games. In addition, it is much simpler than Sprague-Grundy Theory in one pile of the games.