To elucidate the relationship between physicochemical properties, spray characteristics, and combustion performance, a series of experiments have been conducted in a constant volume vessel with injection of hydrous ethanol diesel emulsion and regular diesel. HE30 (emulsion with 30% volume fraction of 20% water-containing ethanol and 70% volume fraction of 0# diesel) is developed using Shah’s te...

Microparticles were produced by spray-drying from a high molecular weight polylactide (PLA R207) for the development of long-lasting controlled release systems of vaccines, which may be designed to obviate the need for booster doses. The current investigation considered the effect of both technological parameters (inlet air temperature and spray rate of feed) and polymeric solutions (polymer co...

This paper presents an investigation to reveal the cycle-to-cycle variations of pulsing spray characteristics of Spark-Ignition Direct-Injection (SIDI) fuel injectors. The objective is to quantify the spray’s cycle-to-cycle variation such that further insight of the operating principles in the fuel injection system could be developed to enhance the combustion efficiency and reduce emissions of ...

Evaporative cooling by water spray is increasingly used as an efficient and environmentally-friendly approach to enhance thermal comfort in built environments. The complex two-phase flow in a water spray system is influenced by many factors such as continuous phase velocity, temperature and relative humidity patterns, droplet characteristics and continuous phase-droplet and droplet-droplet inte...

The objective of the present work is to correlate the timedependent flow characteristics of cryogen sprays to the induced thermal dynamics at the surface of a human skin model. First, a numerical analysis to evaluate our skin model is carried out. Next, diameter and axial velocity of droplets impinging onto the skin model are measured. Diameter, velocity and surface temperature are acquired sim...

Cryogen spray cooling is used to prevent epidermal thermal damage during port-wine stain laser therapy, despite the limited understanding of the fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, and heat transfer characteristics of cryogen sprays. In recent studies, it has been suggested that the heat flux through human skin could be increased by changing physical parameters such as nozzle-to-skin distance, nozz...

An experimental investigation is performed to explore the characteristics of sprays produced by a liquid-liquid coaxial swirl injector in a non-combusting environment. Phase Doppler anemometry is used for the measurement of velocity and Sauter mean diameter of droplets across and along the injection axis for various innerand outer mass flow rates. Results of the combined spray are compared with...