The cubic-kilometre neutrino telescope, which consists of large-scale 3D-arrays photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) currently under construction on the Mediterranean seabed, relies accurate calibration procedures in order to answer its science goals. These proceedings present gain method used KM3NeT, is based highly compressed PMT hit information. In particular, it shown that gains can be tuned within...

Certain phenol derivatives, including p-iodophenol and p-phenylphenol, enhance light emission from the horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of cyclic diacyl hydrazides such as luminol. The light emission decays slowly (glowing for several minutes) and its intensity may be greater than 1000-fold that of the unenhanced reaction. The enhanced system enables rapid, sensitive assay of peroxida...

Abstract Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are widely used underwater in large-scale neutrino experiments. As a hollow glass spherelike structure, implosion is unavoidable during long-term operation under large water pressure. There possibility of cascade to neighbor PMTs due shockwave. Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory designed protection structure for each 20-inch PMT, consisting top cover...

Large-volume liquid scintillator detectors with ultra-low background levels have been widely used to study neutrino physics and search for dark matter. Event vertex event time are not only useful selection but also essential the reconstruction of energy. In this study, four algorithms using charge information collected by photomultiplier tubes were analyzed comprehensively. The effects tube pro...

Scintillation light from gamma ray irradiations in liquid xenon is detected by two Hamamatsu R9288 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) immersed in the liquid. UV light reflector material, PTFE, is used to optimize the light collection efficiency. The detector gives a high light yield of 6 photoelectron per keV (pe/keV), which allows efficient detection of the 122 keV γ-ray line from 57 Co, with a good...

Results of studying the instability of the gain of FEU-115M photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) at a varying counting rate corresponding to the range of the anode current of 0.02–120 μA are presented. It is shown that the behavior and value of the gain instability for different samples of this PMT type substantially differs when the counting rate changes. The relative change in the gain of some PMTs r...

We propose to use stopping cosmic-ray muons in the energy calibration of planned and deployed large underwater detectors. The method is based on the proportionality between the incident muon energy and the length of the muon path before it stops. Simultaneous measurements of the muon path and the amplitude of the signal from the photomultiplier tubes allow a relation between the energy deposite...