this paper investigates the connection between market valuation anda type of the merger (stock, cash) using real options setup. i solveexplicitly for the timing and terms of cash mergers in two deferent settingsto demonstrate that cash mergers generally occur at low marketvaluations, whereas stock mergers that may be observed at both low andhigh valuations; the result holds with some dierences...

In this paper, we propose the least-squares method for computing the positive solution of a $mtimes n$ fully fuzzy linear system (FFLS) of equations, where $m > n$, based on Kaffman's arithmetic operations on fuzzy numbers that introduced in [18]. First, we consider all elements of coefficient matrix are non-negative or non-positive. Also, we obtain 1-cut of the fuzzy number vector solution of ...

the relationship between economic growth and developments in the ‎financial sector has been one of the most discussed areas in economics ‎for a long time; and the direction of causality – whether financial ‎development causes economic growth or vice versa – is by no means a ‎settled issue.‎this paper investigates the short- run and long-run granger causality ‎between financial development and e...