Viruses are responsible for 4 to 50% destruction of bacterial and archaeal communities (Breitbart and Rohwer, 2005; Rohwer and Thurber, 2009) and the selective pressures imposed by these rapidly evolving viruses (parasites) has driven the diversification of microbial defence systems. Previously our understanding of antiviral immune systems in bacteria has focused on encounter blocks, adsorption...

The Jammu Region (JR) in the northwestern Himalayas trigged by medium to high magnitude near-field as well far-field earthquake events, including most recent 2019 Mirpur earthquake. In this paper, an attempt has been made develop zonation map for liquefaction hazard JR based on potential index ( $$\mathrm{LPI}$$ ) and probability of $${P}_{L}$$ ). To achieve this, factor safety against was esti...

BACKGROUND Patient history gives important clues about the likelihood of atopy. However, the accuracy of assessment of atopy based on detailed allergy history is low. The objective of this survey was to determine the successful prediction rate of atopy by a questionnaire and the effect of various factors on the successful prediction. METHODS A standard questionnaire including detailed allergy...

Site characterization is a prerequisite for the successful and economic design of engineering structures earthworks by providing geological information any proposed project. Until now, no detail study has been carried out on site classification using shear wave velocity (Vs) up to top 30 m depth in Hawassa town. For this study, multichannel analysis surface waves (MASW) was used determine varia...

Skin prick testing (SPT) in combination with the clinical history of the patient is one important step in the diagnosis of IgE-mediated occupational allergies. However, skin test performance is related to the quality of allergen extracts. The present consensus document was prepared by an EAACI Task Force consisting of an expert panel of allergologists and occupational physicians from Germany, I...

BACKGROUND Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a common healthcare problem. The drug provocation test (DPT) is a gold standard for ADR diagnosis. OBJECTIVES To evaluate a correlation between history of ADRs, skin prick test (SPT), intradermal test (ID) and DPT in Thai children. METHODS This was a retrospective review of 211 children under 16 years of age who had a history of ADRs and underwen...

BACKGROUND It has previously been shown that a positive skin prick test (SPT) result is a good predictor of a positive specific inhalation challenge (SIC) in patients with occupational asthma (OA) related to wheat or rye flours. This association has not been previously studied in OA attributable to obeche wood. AIMS To describe a clinical series of patients with OA induced by obeche wood. To ...

OBJECTIVE The patch test (PT) with its modification - the strip patch test (SPT) - is the standard in vivo procedure to diagnose an allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). To date, none of the in vitro tests for the diagnosis of ACD fulfils the requirements of an easy, valid and reliable test. To investigate the prediction ability of a flow cytometric assay of CD69 up-regulation on CD4+ CLA+ T cells...