implication in general) to the rule of syllogism—is wholly fallacious; the real source of the difference lies in the change of sense of the middle term; that to confound in a middle term the sensus compositi and the sensus divisi is a source of danger has been a commonplace of logic since the time of the scholastics. That an inept symbolism is made use of in mathematics, which has for a fundame...

Some scholars have criticized Augustine’s Confessions for lacking structure. In this paper scenes from Augustine’s life depicted in Confessions are analyzed allegorically in order to better understand what his intention may have been as an author. Augustine was a talented writer and it is worth considering that he was aware that Confessions may have had less impact had it been written in a more...

In this theoretical paper figurative aspects of algebraic symbolism are discussed and related to the theory of image schemata, opening up for one way of understanding the development of symbol sense in mathematics. The ideas of mathematical forms (referring to spatial characteristics of mathematical formulas), and form operations, are at the core of this analysis.

THE SYMBOLISM of language is, or may be, twofold. By far the greater portion of its recognized content and structure is symbolic in a purely referential sense; in other words, the meaningful combinations of vowels and consonants (words, significant parts of words, and word groupings) derive their functional significance from the arbitrary associations between them and their meanings established...

In many of my writings I have argued that poetic images have no fixed predetermined meanings. In my 1992 book What Makes Sound Patterns Expressive?—The Poetic Mode of Speech Perception (originally published in 1987) I propounded the view that speech sounds do not have fixed predetermined symbolic values either.1 Poetic images as well as speech sounds are clusters of features, each of which may ...

All science builds on other science. And behind every scientific discovery there is a detailed and often complex method: a ‘‘how to’’ that both informs the interpretations and robustness of the scientific claims and provides the foothold for other scientists to build upon those findings. Recent calls to arms by society, the research community, and funding agencies to improve rigor and reproduci...

The symbolism of rituals creates a shared understanding of events among group members. In the context of romantic relationships, a shared understanding of relationship status transitions may be associated with greater commitment and higher quality relationships. We argue that couples with differing retrospective accounts of their premarital courtship may not have had clear discussions or ritual...

We have carried out a series of small scale collisional N-body calculations of single-mass star clusters to investigate the dependence of the lifetime of star clusters on their initial parameters. Our models move through an external galaxy potential with a logarithmic density profile and they are limited by a cut-off radius. In order to find scaling relations between the lifetime of star cluste...