5-Acetoxymethyl- and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-vinylfuran were synthesized by two routes. The first route starts from 2-methylfuran and the second from furfuryl acetate. The latter route, involving successive Vilsmeier-Haack and Wittig reactions, is suitable for producing 5-acetoxymethyl-2-vinylfuran and 5-hydroxymethyl-2 vinylfuran in 68% and 60%yields, respectively.

Induction of male sterility by deployment of chemical hybridizing agents (CHAs) are important in heterosis breeding of self-pollinated crops like wheat, wherein the male and female organs are in the same flower. Taking a lead from the earlier work on rice, a total of 25 N-acylanilines comprising of malonanilates, acetoacetanilides, and acetanilides (including halogenated acetanilides) were synt...

The aim of this paper is to explain carefully the arguments behind the assertion that the correct quantum theory of gravity must be background independent. We begin by recounting how the debate overwhether quantum gravity must be background independent is a continuation of a long-standing argument in the history of physics and philosophy over whether space and time are relational or absolute. T...

Gulf Coast are refractory to Zika virus infection. The Zika virus strains and actual stocks used for our experiments were infectious for Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in other experiments (C. Roundy et al., unpub. data), indicating that our negative findings for Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. taeniorhynchus mosquitoes represent truly refractory phenotypes. These results, along with findings from an outb...

There are female and male sterility. The female sterility can be particularly divided into absolute, primary and secondary one. The absolute sterility is present if the female genitals have no uterus or ovaries and if there are other bad female genitals development anomalies incompatible with becoming pregnant. The «primary sterility » diagnosis can be made if the woman was pregnant never befor...

For normal sexual reproductive development, coordination must occur between both male and female organ ontogeny. An abnormality at any point in this process may lead to sterility. Classification of sterility can be divided into heritable and nonheritable sterility. Numerous schemes for mechanisms controlled by nuclear genes (genic male sterility) have been devised to identify the timing and loc...