In this contribution a brief overview of the development of an orthotropic material model for the simulation of spruce wood under simultaneous plane and transverse shear stresses is given. The model considers an initially linear elastic domain as well as plasticity behaviour including hardening and softening mechanisms at higher states of stress and strain, respectively. The newest feature of t...

   The main purpose of the present investigation is to analyze more comprehensively the size-dependent nonlinear free vibration response of multilayer functionally graded graphene platelet-reinforced composite (GPLRC) nanobeams. As a consequence, both of the hardening stiffness and softening stiffness of size effect are taken into consideration by implementation of the nonlocal str...

This paper studies the interaction between non-viscous damping and nonlinearities for nonlinear oscillators with reflection symmetry. The non-viscous damping function is an exponential damping model which adds a decaying memory property to the damping term of the oscillator. We consider the case of softening and hardening behaviour in the frequency response of the system. Numerical simulations ...

It has long been a puzzle that the Raman optical modes shift to lower frequency or termed optical mode softening or redshift associated with the creation of Raman acoustic modes that shift to higher energy or called acoustic hardening or blueshift upon a nanosolid being formed and its size being reduced. Understandings of the mechanism behind the size-induced Raman shifts have been quite contro...

Abstract: In the current work, the strain hardening behavior of dual-phase steels with different silicon content (0.34- 2.26 Wt. %) was examined using the modified Crussard-Jaoul analysis. It was shown that these dual-phase steels deform in two stages over a uniform strain range. Each stage exhibited a different strain hardening exponent varying with silicon content. At the first stage, work...

The steel alloy of the current study contains 0.3% carbon with different amounts Cr, and Mo, in addition to W. Single simulation hits were designed as isothermal passes for compressive hot deformation up 0.5 true strain. Each pass was carried out at temperatures, 1050, 950, 850 750 oC, strain rates 0.1 1.0 sec-1. A numerical computational model is used formulation flow behavior specified condit...

The deformation of metallic glasses involves two competing processes: a disordering process involving dilatation, free volume accumulation, and softening, and a relaxation process involving diffusional ordering and densification. For metallic glasses at room temperature and under uniaxial loading, disordering usually dominates, and the glass can fail catastrophically as the softening process ru...

In this paper, a simple sub-loading yield surface model for both normally consolidated and over-consolidated clay is proposed with emphasis on the effect of shape. Compared modified Cam-clay model, only one additional material parameter introduced to reflect geometry features surface. A higher-order stress–dilatancy relation given in current study, leading new function capable offering an adequ...

Background: Physical wedges are still widely used as beam modifiers in external beam radiotherapy. However the presence of them in the beam trace may cause beam hardening which may not be considered in many treatment planning systems. The aim of this study is to investigate the beam hardening effect generated by physical wedges via different beam quality indexes as photon spectrum, half value l...