RNA sequencing has increasingly become an indispensable tool for biological research. While sequencing costs have fallen dramatically in recent years, the current cost of RNA sequencing, nonetheless, remains a barrier to even more widespread adoption. Here, we present a simple RNA sequencing protocol with substantially reduced costs. This protocol uses as little as 10 ng of total RNA, allows mu...

background: immunotoxins are comprised of both the cell targeting and the cell killing moieties. we previously established a new immunotoxin, i.e. shiga toxin granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (stxa1-gm-csf), comprises of catalytic domain of stx, as a killing moiety and gm-csf, as a cell targeting moiety. in this study, the ability of the immunotoxin to induce apoptosis and doubl...

Background: Human factors have the most significant effects on the occurrence of traffic accidents among the three factors of human, road, and vehicle. The driver is a significant traffic safety concern. Interventions that enhance driver’s safety are required. Risky behaviors of drivers on the road influence physical healthy and personality. The aim of this study is to report the protocol...

security protocols, software tools, strand spaces, formal methods We have developed an efficient proof-of-concept prototype tool for security protocol validation called ASPECT. This prototype is designed to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach to security protocol checking and validation. Our approach can be characterised in terms of “flaw-detection for security protocols”, much in the s...

Under Strand Three of the 1998 Belfast ‘Good Friday’ Agreement, institutions were set up to promote ‘harmonious and mutually beneficial development’ ‘totality relationships’ between peoples governments Ireland UK, including its devolved administrations Crown Dependencies. According text Agreement this ‘east-west’ dimension was have two elements with corresponding institutions: an intergovernmen...

RNA-seq has been widely adopted as a gene-expression measurement tool due to the detail, resolution, and sensitivity of transcript characterization that the technique provides. Here we present two transposon-based methods that efficiently construct high-quality RNA-seq libraries. We first describe a method that creates RNA-seq libraries for Illumina sequencing from double-stranded cDNA with onl...

Repair of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) was examined at single nucleotide resolution in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using an improved protocol for genomic end-labelling. To obtain the sensitivity required for adduct detection in yeast, an oligonucleotide-directed enrichment step was introduced into the current methodology developed for adduct detection in Escherichia c...

One protocol (called the primary protocol) is independent of other protocols (jointly called the secondary protocol) if the question whether the primary protocol achieves a security goal never depends on whether the secondary protocol is in use. In this paper, we use multiprotocol strand spaces ([27], cf. [28]) to prove that two cryptographic protocols are independent if they use encryption in ...