The commitment to programmed cell death via apoptosis is largely made upon activation of the proapoptotic mitochondrial proteins Bax or Bak. In this issue, Gallenne et al. (Gallenne, C., F. Gautier, L. Oliver, E. Hervouet, B. Noël, J.A. Hickman, O. Geneste, P.-F. Cartron, F.M. Vallette, S. Manon, and P. Juin. 2009. J. Cell Biol. 185:279-290) provide evidence that the p53 up-regulated modulator ...

In these notes, we prove some general theorems for establishing properties of untyped λ-terms, using a variant of the reducibility method. These theorems apply to (pure) λ-terms typable in the systems of conjunctive types DΩ and D. As applications, we give simple proofs of the characterizations of the terms having headnormal forms, of the normalizable terms, and of the strongly normalizing term...

This note uses the formalism derived earlier to discuss the stability indices for limited strikes of varying magnitudes. They exhibit monotonically increasing stability indices, which increase much faster than those for large strikes. When the restrike uses the same number of missiles and aircraft as the first strike, the resulting stability indices remain unity to within small modeldependent f...

To better understand how genes and hormones interact to affect behaviour in nature, I used a factorial design to test for effects of family membership, sex and testosterone level on activity and defensive behaviour of the common garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis. Behaviours (latency to move, defensive strikes, response distance) were scored prior to hormone manipulation (when snakes were 39 day...