Within a large-scale neuronal network model of macaque primary visual cortex, we examined how intrinsic dynamic fluctuations in synaptic currents modify the effect of strong recurrent excitation on orientation selectivity. Previously, we showed that, using a strong network inhibition countered by feedforward and recurrent excitation, the cortical model reproduced many observed properties of sim...

The identification of the cognitive, affective, social and even physiological factors affecting second or foreign language learning routes and rate has for long been a challenging aspiration for second language researchers. However, a recent preoccupation of the researchers in this area has been the study of the combinatorial impacts of such factors on second or foreign language learning proces...

Proof: ⇐: Fix a strongly-connected orientation D. For any non-empty U ⊂ V , we may choose u ∈ U and v ∈ V \U . Since D is strongly connected, there is a directed u-v path and a directed v-u δ in path. Thus |δ out (U)| ≥ 1 and | D (U)| ≥ 1, implying |δG(U)| ≥ 2. D ⇒: Since G is 2-edge-connected, it has an ear decomposition. We proceed by induction on the number of ears. If G is a cycle then we m...

We present a connection between two seemingly disparate fields: VC-theory and graph theory. This connection yields natural correspondences between fundamental concepts in VC-theory, such as shattering and VC-dimension, and well-studied concepts of graph theory related to connectivity, combinatorial optimization, forbidden subgraphs, and others. In one direction, we use this connection to derive...

The paper presents the combined ridge-stein estimator (CRS) for linear pushbroom imagery exterior orientation, which is severely ill-conditioned for the strong correlation among exterior orientation elements of linear pushbroom imagery. The estimator is a new biased method combining the ridge estimator and the stein estimator. It can effectively change the ill-conditioned state of linear pushbr...

Grain boundary plane orientation is a profoundly important determinant of character in polycrystalline materials that is not well understood. This work demonstrates how boundary plane orientation fundamental zones, which capture the natural crystallographic symmetries of a grain boundary, can be used to establish structure-property relationships. Using the fundamental zone representation, trend...

This paper introduces four graph orientation problems named Maximize W -Light, Minimize W -Light, Maximize W -Heavy, and Minimize W -Heavy, where W can be any fixed non-negative integer. In each problem, the input is an undirected, unweighted graph G and the objective is to assign a direction to every edge in G so that the number of vertices with outdegree at most W or at least W in the resulti...