Let $G$ be a connected graph, and let $D[G]$ denote the double graph of $G$. In this paper, we first derive closed-form formulas for different distance based topological indices for $D[G]$ in terms of that of $G$. Finally, as illustration examples, for several special kind of graphs, such as, the complete graph, the path, the cycle, etc., the explicit formulas for some distance based topologica...

let $g$ be a connected graph, and let $d[g]$ denote the double graph of $g$. in this paper, we first derive closed-form formulas for different distance based topological indices for $d[g]$ in terms of that of $g$. finally, as illustration examples, for several special kind of graphs, such as, the complete graph, the path, the cycle, etc., the explicit formulas for some distance based topologica...

We explore twoor three-class association schemes. We study aspects of the structure of the relation graphs in association schemes which are not easily revealed by their parameters and spectra. The purpose is to develop some combinatorial methods to characterize the graphs and classify the association schemes, and also to delve deeply into several specific classification problems. We work with s...

A set of vertices $S$ in a connected graph $G$ is a different-distance set if, for any vertex $w$ outside $S$, no two vertices in $S$ have the same distance to $w$.The lower and upper different-distance number of a graph are the order of a smallest, respectively largest, maximal different-distance set.We prove that a different-distance set induces either a special type of path or an independent...

In this paper we obtain an upper bound and also a lower bound for maximum edges of strongly 2 multiplicative graphs of order n. Also we prove that triangular ladder the graph obtained by duplication of an arbitrary edge by a new vertex in path and the graphobtained by duplicating all vertices by new edges in a path and some other graphs are strongly 2 multiplicative

Let = (X,R) be a distance-regular graph of diameter d . A parallelogram of length i is a 4-tuple xyzw consisting of vertices of such that ∂(x, y)= ∂(z,w)= 1, ∂(x, z)= i, and ∂(x,w)= ∂(y,w)= ∂(y, z)= i− 1. A subset Y of X is said to be a completely regular code if the numbers πi,j = | j (x)∩ Y | (i, j ∈ {0,1, . . . , d}) depend only on i = ∂(x,Y ) and j . A subset Y of X is said to be strongly c...

Let be a distance-regular graph of diameter d ≥ 2 and a1 = 0. Let θ be a real number. A pseudo cosine sequence for θ is a sequence of real numbers σ0, . . . , σd such that σ0 = 1 and ciσi−1 + aiσi + biσi+1 = θσi for all i ∈ {0, . . . , d−1}. Furthermore, a pseudo primitive idempotent for θ is Eθ = s ∑di=0 σiAi , where s is any nonzero scalar. Let v̂ be the characteristic vector of a vertex v ∈ V...

hansen et‎. ‎al.‎, ‎using the autographix software ‎package‎, ‎conjectured that the szeged index $sz(g)$ and the‎ ‎wiener index $w(g)$ of a connected bipartite graph $g$ with $n geq ‎4$ vertices and $m geq n$ edges‎, ‎obeys the relation‎ ‎$sz(g)-w(g) geq 4n-8$‎. ‎moreover‎, ‎this bound would be the best possible‎. ‎this paper offers a proof to this conjecture‎.

Given a graph G and a set X ⊆ V (G), the relative Wiener index of X in G is defined as WX(G) = ∑ {u,v}∈(X2 ) dG(u, v) . The graphs G (of even order) in which for every partition V (G) = V1+V2 of the vertex set V (G) such that |V1| = |V2| we have WV1(G) = WV2(G) are called equal opportunity graphs. In this note we prove that a graph G of even order is an equal opportunity graph if and only if it...