In the course of normal development in man, the middle and largest part of the second branchial arch, the keratohyal cartilage, develops into a fibrous cord, the so-called stylohyoid ligament. Ossification takes place solely at its two ends, that is, in the hyoid bone and in the styloid process of the skull. In the present paper the significance for the clinical rheumatologist of some developme...

Eagle's syndrome represents a symptomatic styloid process elongation or calcification of stylohyoid or stylomandibular ligament. The symptoms include the throat pain radiating to ipsilateral ear or foreign body sensation in the pharynx causing odynophagia and dysphagia. It is commonly unilateral and bilateral cases are rare. We report a case of bilateral elongation of styloid processes treated ...

Eagle syndrome (ES) is a symptom complex including recurrent neck and throat pain, foreign body sensation in the throat and dysphagia as a result of the elongation of the styloid process or the mineralization of the stylohyoid ligament complex. The symptoms of ES may worsen with lateral rotation of the head and it may less commonly present with tinnitus, weakness on the tongue, altered speech, ...

BACKGROUND Many nerve injuries have been associated with Eagle syndrome. The cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X have been reported to be injured by the elongated styloid process in this syndrome. METHODS We describe a case of Eagle syndrome with atypical symptoms of hypoglossal nerve palsy and Horner syndrome. RESULTS A 56-year-old woman presented with right hypoglossal nerve palsy, right Hor...

Orofacial pain can be associated with stylohyiod ligament calcification or enlargement of styloid process. Calcification or ossification of the stylohyoid ligament is infrequent, often incidental finding on radiographs, however when the source of pain is from the styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligaments it is referred to as Eagle's syndrome. This case report discusses the pain pattern,...