Kavak, A. 2004. Evaluation of sperm production, testicular measurements and post-thaw sperm quality in Tori and Estonian breed stallions. Licentiate dissertation.

In Mammals, structural rearrangements of the karyotype cause considerable trouble to the spermatogenic process. Making use of an experimental animal model of Robertsonian chromosomal variation in the house mouse (Gropp, Winking & Redi, 1982a) the effects of these chromosome structural rearrangements on the spermatogenic process were studied in fertile and chromosomally derived subfertile and st...

Background: Phospholipids are distributed asymmetrically between inner and outer leaflets of the plasma membrane of live cells. Early during apoptosis, this asymmetry is disrupted and phosphatidylserine becomes exposed on the outside surface of the plasma membrane. There is little information about the effects of vitrification on apoptosis. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluat...

Periodic spontaneous erection and penile movements known as masturbation (SEAM) occur normally at approximately 90 min intervals in awake equids. SEAM in horses has traditionally been misunderstood by many horsemen as aberrant behavior that should be eliminated. Accordingly, it is not uncommon for trainers of performance stallions or managers of breeding stallions to punish SEAM in an attempt t...

Background: Artificial insemination with chilled sperm is a reproductive biotechnology often used in horse breeding. However, maintaining the acceptable quality after cooling, which affects frequency of pregnancy, remains an urgent problem at present time. Therefore, clarifying role important physiological metabolites, such as L-carnitine and nitric oxide, significant aspect terms possible impr...

Self-mutilation in horses includes biting, stomping and kicking, rubbing, and lunging into objects. Based on the author's clinical experience, three distinct types of self-mutilation are proposed and described. Type I represents normal behavioral response to continuous or intermittent physical discomfort. Type II, seen in stallions and geldings, can be recognized as self-directed intermale aggr...

This study focuses on the photoperiod-induced variability in levels of oxidatively modified proteins plasma Shetland pony mares and stallions before after exercise. We have analyzed effect photoperiods exercise aldehydic (AD) ketonic (KD) derivatives (OMP) blood involved recreational horseback riding central Pomeranian region (Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern part Poland). Twenty-one healthy ad...

background: various frequencies of sperm aneuploidy are reported in sperms of subfertile patients compared to normal individuals. moreover, sperm dna damage is shown to be associated with male infertility. in this study, the rate of dna damage and frequencies of aneuploidy in sperms of subfertile patients was investigated. methods: semen samples were obtained from healthy normal and subfertile ...