granted that literacy is a social practice involving different values, attitudes, feelings, and social relationships, this study attempts to examine literacy practices and the potential changes made through a history of forty years. the study was conducted in the village of cheshmeh, near mashhad, iran, where the social definition of literacy emerged. the data have been collected through partic...

........................................................................................................................................................ 3 Chapter I: Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4 Statement of Problem ...................................................................

The Formation of Environmental Literacy Based on a Multidimensional and Multimedia Curricular Perspective B. Poorma’soom I. Fayyaaz, Ph.D. S. Baazargaan, Ph.D. In today’s world the concept of literacy includes not only the basic knowledge and values of the environment, but and skills of protecting it. Environmental education, however, like any other area, requires ea...

BACKGROUND Relatively little knowledge is available to date about health literacy among the general population in Europe. It is important to gain insights into health literacy competences among the general population, as this might contribute to more effective health promotion and help clarify socio-economic disparities in health. This paper is part of the European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-E...

One of the purposes of consciousness is to acquire knowledge. The models of this task traditionally assume a division between the known and the knower, a division that leads into doubtful reasoning about some kind of (frequently disguised) homunculus. The current paper tries to avoid such fallacies by viewing the adaptation of the mind as an evolutionary process, a process distinct (but not ind...