the fetal origins hypothesis (foh), put forward in the epidemiological literature and later flourished in the economics literature, suggests that the time in utero is a critical period for human development. however, much attention has been paid to the consequences of fetal exposures to more extreme natural shocks, while less is known about fetal exposures to milder but more commonly experience...

The continuous depletion of nonrenewable natural resources and climate change may lead to a future characterized by higher frequency extreme events (i.e., flooding, hurricanes, droughts) resource supply shocks oil price shock). Sub-Saharan African countries will be particularly exposed these types shock due their socioeconomic conditions geographical conformation. This study investigates the im...

A thorough study of the propagation of interplanetary shocks of various origin through the Earth’s magnetosphere is expected to improve our understanding of the Sun-Earth system. The interplanetary shocks interact with the bow shock and cause pressure pulses on the magnetopause and its movement, launching different waves into the magnetosphere. Therefore geosynchronous satellites (GOES, LANL) a...

Since defibrillation by high-energy electric shocks is the only effective means for termination of ventricular fibrillation, defibrillation shocks are now widely used in clinical practice for prevention of sudden cardiac death. However, the high-energy shocks could result in myocardial dysfunction and damage (Runsio et al., 1997) and in psychological trauma (Maisel, 2006). Comprehensive underst...

A 67-year-old male patient was admitted with an abrupt sudden cardiac death. He represented with an extreme electrical storm of 30 times of ventricular fibrillation (VF) episodes on one day. External shocks were performed to terminate VF. Transient J-wave in the inferior-lateral leads and Brugada electrocardiography pattern on the right precordial leads appeared during the electrical storm. And...

The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is the standard of care in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy who are at high risk for arrhythmic events and sudden cardiac death. Although an ICD saves life, ICD shocks are emotionally and physically debilitating. Most patients receive adjuvant antiarrhythmic drug therapy to circumvent episodes of recurrent ventricular and sup...

Ventricular fibrillation, the major reason behind sudden cardiac death, is turbulent cardiac electrical activity in which rapid, irregular disturbances in the spatiotemporal electrical activation of the heart make it incapable of any concerted pumping action. Methods of controlling ventricular fibrillation include electrical defibrillation as well as injected medication. Electrical defibrillati...

INTRODUCTION The wearable cardioverter-defibrillator (WCD) is used in patients at risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD) but not immediate candidates for intracardiac defibrillator (ICD) implantation. METHODS We performed a single center retrospective study of patients prescribed WCD upon hospital discharge from January 2002 to October 2015. Clinical characteristics were obtained from the hospit...

BACKGROUND The recurrence of cardiac events in patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (VF) excluding patients with the Brugada syndrome is unclear since this entity remains present in previous studies. METHODS Since 1992, 18 patients (72% male) with idiopathic VF out of 455 ICD implants were treated with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The mean age at first ICD imp...

a r t i c l e i n f o Most CGE models are real and cannot be easily used to study monetary policies. This paper develops a financial CGE model with interaction between real and financial side of the Chinese economy and applies the model to study oil price shocks and monetary policy responses. Unlike macro models in the current literature, the financial CGE model can be implemented to look into ...