Poplar plantations are widely used for timber production and ecological restoration in northern China, a region that experiences frequent droughts and water scarcity. An open-path eddy-covariance (EC) system was used to continuously measure the carbon, water, and energy fluxes in a poplar plantation during the growing season (i.e., April–October) over the period 2006–2008 in the Daxing District...

The climatic changes observed in Poland are manifested by an increase air temperature, but not rainfall, which causes the water needs of plants, and hence necessity to develop irrigation systems for crops. aim this study was assess grapevines 2021–2050 Bydgoszcz region (northern Poland), area with high requirements supplementary irrigation. calculations were based on expected temperature accord...

The study aimed to measure the technical efficiency in production of crops (wheat and barley) Erbil Governorate. Using stochastic frontier analysis method Maximum-Likelihood (ML) Model, which combines both effects inefficiency models. based on preliminary data collected randomly for a sample 58 farms used Cobb-Douglas function using four traditional factors, are (land, labor, machinery, fertili...

Soil grown greenhouse crops require high fertilisation rates. Combined with the common practice of over-irrigation, leaching of nutrients is a serious problem. In order to reduce the environmental impact, a ‘fertigation’ model was developed as a decision support system for irrigation and fertiliser supply. The applicability in growers practice was evaluated during two years on commercial nurser...

A water reuse system in wetland paddy was simulated to supply water for industrial in this paper. A two-tank model was employed to represent the return flow of the wetland paddy. Historical data were performed for parameter estimation and model verification. With parameters estimated from the data, the model was then used to simulate a reasonable return flow rate from the wetland paddy. The sim...

Although the term precision irrigation is now quite widely used, often to mean drip irrigation, there is no commonly accepted definition or conceptualisation of the term, and no cohesive framework to guide research, development or adoption. This paper is reporting on a review of precision irrigation funded by NPSI. This review is considering the role of current irrigation application technologi...

The dairy industry in northern Victoria faced dramatic changes between 2001/02 and 2002/03. Drought resulted in a substantial decrease in availability, and subsequent increase in price, of irrigation water and supplementary feed. Most farms recorded substantial net cash flow deficits. Prior to 2002/03, a project had been established using case studies and a spreadsheet model to examine potentia...

we consider an m/g/1 queue with regular and optional phase vacation and withstate dependent arrival rate. the vacation policy is after completion of service if there are no customers in the system, the server takes vacation consisting of k -phases, each phase is generally distributed. here the first phase is compulsory where as the other phases are optional. for this model the supplementary var...

Theoretical and experimental studies from psychological and behavioral sciences show that heuristics and social networks play an important role in decisionmaking under risk. The goal of this paper is to investigate the effects of empirical social networks and different behavioral rules on farmers’ irrigation adoption under drought risk and its impacts on several macroeconomic indicators such as...