This research focused on mid-term planning representing the tactical level of supply chain management among manufacturers. Mid-term planning is based on established frame contracts between suppliers and customers. Demand forecasts and early customer orders (from retailers or consumers) are the starting point for performing planning runs involving logistical functions such as procurement, produc...

Influence of market share of buyers on choice of contracts has not received sufficient attention in the context of various supply chain structure. This paper focuses on this gap and examines a network consisting of one supplier and two buyers under complete and partial decentralization. In the complete decentralized setting both buyers are independent of the supplier. In the partial decentraliz...

Consignment contracts have been widely employed in many industries. Under such contracts, items are sold at a retailer’s but the supplier retains the full ownership of the inventory until purchased by consumers; the supplier collects payment from the retailer based on actual units sold. We investigate how competition among retailers influences the supply chain decisions and profits under differ...

Contracts within governance classes, e.g. alliances or supply chain contracts, display a great degree of variation in contractual design. Different propositions have been advanced on the influence of repeated interactions on contractual complexity. In this paper, we explore the alignment between provisions in functional classes and the underlying transaction attributes. The transaction cost imp...

We propose a stochastic programming approach for quantitative analysis of supply contracts, involving flexibility, between a buyer and a supplier, in a supply chain framework. Specifically, we consider the case of multi-periodic contracts in the face of correlated demands. To design such contracts, one has to estimate the savings or costs induced for both parties, as well as the optimal orders ...

Globalization and the outsourcing of products and services is a growing trend in industry. This has led to increased supply chain complexity, meaning that the number of contracts being entered into between buyers and suppliers has grown. These contracts can be difficult for suppliers to cost, due to the fact that many of these contracts contain operational details. In addition to this, the time...

The main purpose of this paper is to study the inventory, production, and contracting decisions of a multi-echelon supply chain with both demand and supply uncertainty. We find that the commonly used wholesale price contracts used by both up-stream and downstream supply-chain members cannot coordinate the system. We then propose a returns policy used by the manufacturer and the retailer, combin...

Motivated by the influenza vaccine industry, we study a supply chain contracting problem under the presence of uncertainties that are related to product design, delivery, and demand, respectively. The supply chain consists of a manufacturer and a retailer, where the retailer places an order before the flu season starts and the manufacturer decides on when to produce the products. Because produc...

This study investigates a supply chain of fresh produce with consideration option contracts and where stochastic market demand depends on freshness-keeping effort. Firstly, we investigate benchmark scenario an integrated freshness effort decreases in both the quality quantity while chain. Secondly, introduce call, put, bidirectional to mitigate risks retailer. A call contract can reduce underag...