We extend quantum models of nanowire surface scattering to incorporate bulk resistivity and extract an expression for the increased resistivity due to surface roughness. To learn how to improve conductivity, we calculate conductivity degradation from individual wavelengths of surface roughness, and show how these can be convolved to give resistivity for arbitrary surfaces. We review measurement...

Recent research results indicate that eddy current conductivity measurements can be exploited for nondestructive evaluation of subsurface residual stresses in surface-treated nickel-base superalloy components. According to this approach, the depth-dependent electric conductivity profile is calculated from the measured frequency-dependent apparent eddy current conductivity spectrum. Then, the re...

Aerosols are very important in the Martian climate system. Aerosols get charged by the attachment of ions in the atmosphere. Charging of aerosols reduces the conductivity of the atmosphere as the very mobile ions are lost during the ion-aerosol attachment. During a dust storm the dust opacity increases and more ion-aerosol attachment process occurs and consequently conductivity reduces further....

The purpose of this experimental study is to evaluate the effects of particle species, surface charge, concentration, preparation technique, and base fluid on thermal transport capability of nanoparticle suspensions (nanofluids). The surface charge was varied by changing the pH value of the fluids. The alumina (Al2O3) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were dispersed in deionized (DI) water a...

A comprehensive model has been proposed to account for the large enhancement of thermal conductivity in nanofluids and its strong temperature dependence, which the classical Maxwellian theory has been unable to explain. The dependence of thermal conductivity on particle size, concentration, and temperature has been taken care of simultaneously in our treatment. While the geometrical effect of a...

Accurate information on heat transfer and temperature distribution in metal foams is necessary for design and modeling of thermal-hydraulic systems incorporating metal foams. The analysis of this process requires determination of the effective thermal conductivity as well as the thermal contact resistance (TCR) associated with the interface between the metal foams and adjacent surfaces/layers. ...

The saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil is needed for deteriming the agricultural and hydrological processes. The measurement techniques used to estimate such property remain hampered by extensive labor and time constraints. Both emitter discharge rate and steady saturated radius emerged from point source trickle irrigation on the soil surface were used to determine the saturated hydraulic...

Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) is to visualize the internal current density and conductivity of an electrically conductive object. Injecting current through surface electrodes, we measure one component of the induced internal magnetic flux density using an MRI scanner. In order to reconstruct the conductivity distribution inside the imaging object, most algorithms in...

One of the ways to waste energy in buildings is wasting it from the walls. For this reason, insulating materials are used to prevent the loss of energy in buildings. Typically, common insulations are high thickness and thin coatings are used less. The purpose of this research is to introduce nanocomposite thin polymer coatings and its effect on thermal conductivity. For achieving this, chemical...