A great deal of credit for the success of the congress must be given to Program President Professor Alberto Montori of the University of Rome, "La Sapienza" and the committees who organized and coordinated this event. Every effort was made to secure outstanding surgeon-scientists to teach and present their experiences. In many instances, classical open surgical procedures were juxtaposed with l...

Introduction Multi-centre randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in surgery are challenging. It is particularly difficult to establish standards of surgery and monitor whether interventions are delivered as intended. This can lead to uncertainties about the differences between trial group interventions and the meaning of observed treatment effects. This study developed and tested methods for inter...

It is known that about 70% of surgeries on the figure 8 knot give manifolds which contain immersed incompressible surfaces. We improve this to about 80% by giving a very simple proof that all even surgeries give manifolds containing such a surface. Moreover, we give a quick proof that every (6k, t) surgery is virtually Haken, thereby partially dealing with some exceptional cases in Baker’s resu...

objective: this study compared the tension-free vaginal tape (tvt) and transobturator tape (tot) procedures for surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women. materials and methods: this prospective non randomized clinical trial was conducted in vali-e-asr hospital from march 2001 to march 2005. a total of 71 patients with clinical and urodynamic diagnosis of stress urinary inconti...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the trend of changes in Cataract Surgical Rate (CSR) in the provinces of Iran during 2006 to 2010 and identify high risk areas. METHODS This report is part of the national Iranian CSR Study. The percentage change in CSR in 2010 compared to 2006 was conducted in each province, retrospectively. One hundred and ten centers were chosen from all pr...

In this paper it is shown that the space of metrics of positive scalar curvature on a manifold is, when nonempty, homotopy equivalent to a space of metrics of positive scalar curvature that restrict to a fixed metric near a given submanifold of codimension greater or equal than 3. Our main tool is a parameterized version of the Gromov-Lawson construction, which was used to show that the existen...