Optical Packet Switching (OPS) and Optical Burst Switching (OBS) are optical networking concepts based on fully exploiting fast dynamic allocation of (D)WDM channels. Compared to more static approaches focusing on providing endto-end optical channels, OPS and OBS aim at providing greater bandwidth efficiency, granularity and flexibility. In this paper we give an overview of the issues arising w...

label switching technology is a flexible and high performance method for forwarding layer three packets that are mapped to layer two flows. each label switch router, lsr, needs a specific label for every flow, where the number of labels depends on the mapping and granularity of flows. data and control driven methods are the most significant and popular methods in label mapping policy. the above...

The switching is an important part of the telecommunication networks over the years for transferring and handling voice and data through the traditional switching nodes existing in the telecommunication networks. Various developments were seen in the recent years which resulted in increasing data transfer capabilities of the transmission networks all over the world, however the switching speed ...

this paper presents a novel control method to improve the efficiency of low-voltage dc-dc converters at light loads. pulse width modulation (pwm) converters have poor efficiencies at light loads, while pulse frequency modulation (pfm) control is more efficient for the same cases. switching losses constitute a major portion of the total power loss at light loads. to decrease the switching losses...

A systematic theoretical-approach has been made to estimate various parameters, characteristics and their optimization methods for a Josephson junction to be useful as a high-speed switching element in Josephson digital logic electronics. The dynamic response of Josephson junction has been obtained using computer simulation. Our concept of turn-on deay of Josephson junction is applied in order ...

In this paper, several error-resiliency techniques are combined with the H.264/AVC (Advanced Video Coding) codec’s switching frames to adaptively switch between video streams, depending on wireless channel conditions. Switching frames are a feature of H.264/AVC that allows smooth transitions between streams without the overhead of periodic intra-coded I-frames. Because video streaming over band...

We have investigated the nanoscale switching properties of strain-engineered BiFeO(3) thin films deposited on LaAlO(3) substrates using a combination of scanning probe techniques. Polarized Raman spectral analysis indicates that the nearly tetragonal films have monoclinic (Cc) rather than P4mm tetragonal symmetry. Through local switching-spectroscopy measurements and piezoresponse force microsc...

The paper presents soft switching PWM DC-DC converters using power MOSFETs and IGBTs. The attention is focused mainly on the full-bridge converters suitable for high power applications. The properties of the PWM converters are described in comparison to other categories of soft switching converters. An overview of the switching techniques using in the DC-DC converters is included. Consideration...

Two phenomena can produce chattering: switching of input control signal and the large amplitude of this switching (switching gain). To remove the switching of input control signal, dynamic sliding mode control (DSMC) is used. In DSMC switching is removed due to the integrator which is placed before the plant. However, in DSMC the augmented system (system plus the integrator) is one dimension bi...