Dual-energy X-ray computed tomography (DECT) is a technique which is designed to allow the determination of energy-independent material properties. In this study, results of a computer simulation show that energy-dependent systematic errors exist in the values of attenuation coefficients synthesized using the basis material decomposition technique with acrylic and aluminum as the basis material...

Definitions of the concepts of bias and recovery are discussed and approaches to dealing with them described. The Guide To Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) recommends correction for all significant systematic effects, but it is also possible to expand measurement uncertainty to take account of uncorrected bias. Run, laboratory and method bias can be defined as components of the bias of a partic...

This paper analyzes the systematic errors in Hadamard transform optical instruments caused by moving masks, incorrect mask alignment, faulty mask fabrication, missing data, diffraction, etc. and describes techniques for reducing or eliminating these errors. In a great many cases the behavior of the instrument can be characterized by a single matrix equation of the form eta = TWa + e, where the ...

We present a Monte Carlo Renormalisation Group (MCRG) study of the SU(2) gauge theory with two Dirac fermions in the adjoint representation. Using the two–lattice matching technique we measure the running of the coupling and the anomalous mass dimension. We find slow running of the coupling, compatible with an infrared fixed point. Assuming this running is negligible we find a vanishing anomalo...

The time-lag method, using a gas permeation experiment, is currently the most popular method for determining the membrane properties: diffusivity coefcient and permeability coefcient, and from which the solubility coefcient can be calculated. In this investigation, the impact of systematic, random (noise), resolution and extrapolation errors associated with gas permeatio...

The effect of systematic measurement errors on atmospheric CO2 inversions: a quantitative assessment C. Rödenbeck, T. J. Conway, and R. Langenfelds Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, Boulder CO, USA Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia Received: 25 July 2005 – Accepted: 26 August 2005 – P...

Cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization observations will require superb control of systematic errors in order to achieve their full scientific potential, particularly in the case of attempts to detect the B modes that may provide a window on inflation. Interferometry may be a promising way to achieve these goals. This paper presents a formalism for characterizing the effects of a variet...