For all drugs, the therapeutic ratio, i.e., the difference between therapeutic effect and adverse effect, should be as large as possible. When focusing on drugs used in the treatment of asthma, particularly beta 2-agonists and corticosteroids, the therapeutic ratio of these drugs can be considered to be the degree of separation of their effects on lung function from their systemic effects. This...

The article provides an overview of current publications on the chemical structure, mechanism action and safety macrolide antibiotics. We conducted a search in PubMed Google Scholar databases for scientific articles published from 2010 to 2021. following key words were used: macrolides, antibiotics, erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, action, adverse drug reactions, toxicity. Macrolides...

Purpose Intratumoral immune activation can induce systemic immunity and anti-tumor activity. Imiquimod is a creamformulated, TLR-7 agonist that is FDA-approved for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers, but has limited activity against melanoma. In the current study, we studied the anti-tumor activity and mechanism of action of a novel injectable TLR 7/8 dual agonist, 3M-052, which remains...

Non infectious vitreous inflammation is often vision threatening and can be associated with potentially life-threatening systemic conditions. Treatment is often challenging as it involves systemic medications that can be associated with adverse effects. The classes of drugs are ever expanding and include corticosteroids, antimetabolites, alkylating agents, T-cell and calcineurin agents, biologi...

Objective: This study aims to describe the development and online distribution of a patient education booklet about systemic scleroderma focused on occupational therapy orientations. Methods: The research-action methodology was applied divided into following five steps: analysis patients' requests, preparation content, choice illustrations graphic design, developers' approval booklet, distribut...

Progressive growth of the Walker 256 carcinoma produces anorexia and loss of carcass weight (6). Carcass weight loss has been prevented by forcefeeding a high fat diet, but other systemic effects (decreased liver catalase activity, anemia, and adrenal enlargement) still occurred (1). It was suggested that loss of carcass weight is not a neces sary component of the reactions leading to the devel...

Bleu TX-III was isolated from Bothrops leucurus snake venom on one-step analytical chromatography reverse phase HPLC, was homogeneous on SDS-PAGE, and was confirmed by Q-Tof Ultima API ESI/MS (TOF MS mode) mass spectrometry in 14243.8 Da. Multiple alignments of Bleu TX-III show high degree of homology with basic PLA2 myotoxins from other Bothrops venoms. Our studies on local and systemic myotox...

Until recently, it was believed that the effects of probiotics are limited to a certain range specific effects, but more and studies indicate their action on host organism is complex systemic. Such interference in regulation various pathways organism. Systemic effect does not mean sum many minor impacts precisely targeted impact most sensitive points or metabolic pathways. That allows achieve s...

Microinjection of pentobarbital into a restricted region of rat brainstem, the mesopontine tegmental anesthesia area (MPTA), induces a reversible anesthesia-like state characterized by loss of the righting reflex, atonia, antinociception, and loss of consciousness as assessed by electroencephalogram synchronization. We examined cerebral activity during this state using FOS expression as a marke...