We have cloned and sequenced the 5' untranslated region of the transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-beta 3) mRNA as well as the adjacent genomic sequence. S1 nuclease analysis identified a single transcription start site. We have thus determined that the 5' untranslated region is about 1.1 kb long and contains 11 open reading frames. In vitro translation of the TGF-beta 3 precursor coding seq...

BACKGROUND Estrogen is an established enhancer of breast cancer development, but less is known on its effect on local progression or metastasis. We studied the effect of estrogen receptor recruitment on actin cytoskeleton remodeling and breast cancer cell movement and invasion. Moreover, we characterized the signaling steps through which these actions are enacted. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDIN...

The combined effects of water diversion and climate change are a major conservation challenge for freshwater ecosystems. In the Lemhi Basin, Idaho (U.S.A.), water diversion causes changes in streamflow, and climate change will further affect streamflow and temperature. Shifts in streamflow and temperature regimes can affect juvenile salmon growth, movement, and survival. We examined the potenti...

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common invasive in females worldwide and accounts for 16% of all female cancers, 22.9% cancers women, 18.2% cancer-related deaths worldwide. About 80% these once established, depend on available estrogens (i.e., estradiol) to grow. The production occurs via a catalytic process governed by enzyme Aromatase. This primarily ovaries pre-menopause, while post-menop...

Overexpression of heat shock protein 70 kDa alters the susceptibility of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents. We conducted experiments to study the regulation of expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in heat shock-treated T47-D cells, a human breast cancer cell line that expresses estrogen receptors. Cells exposed to heat shock at 44 degreesC displayed increased expression of heat shock p...

Background Waiting time can considerably increase the cost to both clinic and patient be a major predictor of satisfaction eye care users. Efficient management waiting remains as challenge in hospitals. will become even more crucial postpandemic era. A key consideration when improving is involvement This study aimed at through use Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) quality improvement cycles. Objective T...

Spermine is often the most abundant polyamine in human tumors such as breast carcinomas. However, its specific role in tumor biology is still uncertain, since inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase such as alpha-difluoromethylornithine depress cell growth while leaving spermine content mostly unaffected. We have assessed the specific role of spermine in breast cancer cell growth using N-cyclohex...

This book is intended to serve both as an introduction and a reference to spectral and inverse spectral theory of Jacobi operators (i.e., second order symmetric difference operators) and applications of these theories to the Toda and Kac-van Moerbeke hierarchy. Starting from second order difference equations we move on to self-adjoint operators and develop discrete Weyl-Titchmarsh-Kodaira theor...

The authors analyze the performance of 22 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) global climate models (GCMs) over all of North America and its western subregion using several different evaluation metrics. They assess the model skill in simulating climatologies of several climate variables and the skill in simulating the daily synoptic patterns. The evaluation is performed by comparin...

Breast cancers often progress from a hormone-dependent, nonmetastatic, antiestrogen-sensitive phenotype to a hormone-independent, antiestrogen- and chemotherapy-resistant phenotype with highly invasive and metastatic growth properties. This progression is usually accompanied by altered function of the estrogen receptor (ER) or outgrowth of ER-negative cancer cells. To understand the molecular m...